Thermal infrared video details multiscale groundwater discharge to surface water through macropores and peat pipes

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (14) ◽  
pp. 2510-2511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin A. Briggs ◽  
Danielle K. Hare ◽  
David F. Boutt ◽  
Glorianna Davenport ◽  
John W. Lane
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Thermal Infrared ◽  
Infrared Video

Groundwater inputs towards surface water: quantification and impact on the river water quality using chemical and isotope fingerprints (87Sr/86Sr), example of the Loire River (France)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Petelet-Giraud ◽  
Philippe Negrel ◽  
Joël Casanova
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
River Water ◽  
Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Thermal Infrared ◽  
River Water Quality ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Isotopic Tracers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Loire River

<p>Within the Critical Zone, the river water quality plays a key role for the related ecosystems. The impact of contaminants delivered to surface water from groundwater inputs are often neglected, while they can constitute the major loads of nutrients or pesticides in some specific river sections. In this study, we focus on a limited section of the Loire River in France, downstream Orleans city, where the increase of the river discharge cannot be attributed to the confluence of the small tributaries. Indeed, previous studies have pointed out the role of the groundwater discharge from the large Beauce aquifer located to the north of the river, mainly focusing on the quantitative aspects.</p><p>Based here on geochemical and isotopic tracers, we first confirm groundwater inputs to the Loire River and we clearly attributed those inputs to the Beauce carbonate aquifer using the relationship between <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr and the Cl/Sr ratios. Secondly, the conservative tracers (Sr isotopes and Cl concentrations) allow assessing the groundwater contribution to the river to around 20% of the total discharge during low flow periods. This proportion is in full agreement with the previous studies based on heat budget method, where the river temperature is estimated with satellite thermal infrared images. Lalot et al. (2015) showed that the main groundwater discharge is concentrated along a 9 km transect just downstream of Orléans city with a discharge of 5.3 and 13.5 m<sup>3</sup>.s<sup>−1</sup> during summer and winter times, respectively. This is roughly in agreement with the calculations based on groundwater modelling (calculated groundwater discharge: 0.6 to 0.9 m<sup>3</sup>.s<sup>−1</sup>.km<sup>−1</sup>). Finally, we pointed out the quality impact of these groundwaters especially regarding nitrates. Groundwater impacts on surface water quality have recently been considered as a potential vector of surface water contamination but they are still weakly studied and quantified. Here, we show pics of nitrates concentrations that rapidly decrease in the Loire River (especially in low flow period) after the groundwaters inputs enriched in NO<sub>3</sub> coming from the highly anthropized Beauce aquifer because of intensive agriculture practices. The nitrate decrease in the river is probably due to a nitrate removal processes (plant/microbial uptake?). The impact of these inputs into the Loire but also into the small tributaries of the Loire River should be further investigated, especially regarding pesticides loads and fates, and their potential impact on the related ecosystems.</p><p>Lalot, E., Curie, F., Wawrzyniak, V., Baratelli, F., Schomburgk, S., Flipo, N., Piegay, H., Moatar, F., 2015. Quantification of the contribution of the Beauce groundwater aquifer to the discharge of the Loire River using thermal infrared satellite imaging. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 19, 4479–4492.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of Stream and Wetland Restoration Using UAS-Based Thermal Infrared Mapping

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark C. Harvey ◽  
Danielle K. Hare ◽  
Alex Hackman ◽  
Glorianna Davenport ◽  
Adam B. Haynes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Wetland Restoration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Thermal Infrared ◽  
Ecosystem Structure ◽  
Hydrologic Connections ◽  
Water Ecosystem ◽  
And Function

Large-scale wetland restoration often focuses on repairing the hydrologic connections degraded by anthropogenic modifications. Of these hydrologic connections, groundwater discharge is an important target, as these surface water ecosystem control points are important for thermal stability, among other ecosystem services. However, evaluating the effectiveness of the restoration activities on establishing groundwater discharge connection is often difficult over large areas and inaccessible terrain. Unoccupied aircraft systems (UAS) are now routinely used for collecting aerial imagery and creating digital surface models (DSM). Lightweight thermal infrared (TIR) sensors provide another payload option for generation of sub-meter-resolution aerial TIR orthophotos. This technology allows for the rapid and safe survey of groundwater discharge areas. Aerial TIR water-surface data were collected in March 2019 at Tidmarsh Farms, a former commercial cranberry peatland located in coastal Massachusetts, USA (41°54′17″ N 70°34′17″ W), where stream and wetland restoration actions were completed in 2016. Here, we present a 0.4 km2 georeferenced, temperature-calibrated TIR orthophoto of the area. The image represents a mosaic of nearly 900 TIR images captured by UAS in a single morning with a total flight time of 36 min and is supported by a DSM derived from UAS-visible imagery. The survey was conducted in winter to maximize temperature contrast between relatively warm groundwater and colder ambient surface environment; lower-density groundwater rises above cool surface waters and thus can be imaged by a UAS. The resulting TIR orthomosaic shows fine detail of seepage distribution and downstream influence along the several restored channel forms, which was an objective of the ecological restoration design. The restored stream channel has increased connectivity to peatland groundwater discharge, reducing the ecosystem thermal stressors. Such aerial techniques can be used to guide ecological restoration design and assess post-restoration outcomes, especially in settings where ecosystem structure and function is governed by groundwater and surface water interaction.

scholarly journals A Hydrologic Landscapes Perspective on Groundwater Connectivity of Depressional Wetlands

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian P. Neff ◽  
Donald O. Rosenberry ◽  
Scott G. Leibowitz ◽  
Dave M. Mushet ◽  
Heather E. Golden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Conceptual Knowledge ◽  
Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Depressional Wetlands ◽  
Hydrologic Connectivity ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Depressional Wetland ◽  
Resource Managers ◽  
Flow Through

Research into processes governing the hydrologic connectivity of depressional wetlands has advanced rapidly in recent years. Nevertheless, a need persists for broadly applicable, non-site-specific guidance to facilitate further research. Here, we explicitly use the hydrologic landscapes theoretical framework to develop broadly applicable conceptual knowledge of depressional-wetland hydrologic connectivity. We used a numerical model to simulate the groundwater flow through five generic hydrologic landscapes. Next, we inserted depressional wetlands into the generic landscapes and repeated the modeling exercise. The results strongly characterize groundwater connectivity from uplands to lowlands as being predominantly indirect. Groundwater flowed from uplands and most of it was discharged to the surface at a concave-upward break in slope, possibly continuing as surface water to lowlands. Additionally, we found that groundwater connectivity of the depressional wetlands was primarily determined by the slope of the adjacent water table. However, we identified certain arrangements of landforms that caused the water table to fall sharply and not follow the surface contour. Finally, we synthesize our findings and provide guidance to practitioners and resource managers regarding the management significance of indirect groundwater discharge and the effect of depressional wetland groundwater connectivity on pond permanence and connectivity.

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