Impact of lateral flow and spatial scaling on the simulation of semi-arid urban land surfaces in an integrated hydrologic and land surface model

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1192-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryant Reyes ◽  
Reed M. Maxwell ◽  
Terri S. Hogue
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Land Surface Model ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Spatial Scaling ◽  
Land Surfaces ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals A Python-enhanced urban land surface model SuPy (SUEWS in Python, v2019.2): development, deployment and demonstration

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Sun ◽  
Sue Grimmond
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Land Surface Model ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Climate Modelling ◽  
Climate Services ◽  
Mass Fluxes ◽  
Online Tutorials ◽  
Urban Energy

Abstract. Accurate and agile modelling of the climate of cities is essential for urban climate services. The Surface Urban Energy and Water balance Scheme (SUEWS) is a state-of-the-art, widely used, urban land surface model (ULSM) which simulates urban-atmospheric interactions by quantifying the energy, water and mass fluxes. Using SUEWS as the computation kernel, SuPy (SUEWS in Python), stands on the Python-based data stack to streamline the pre-processing, computation and post-processing that are involved in the common modelling-centred urban climate studies. This paper documents the development of SuPy, which includes the SUEWS interface modification, F2PY (Fortran to Python) configuration and Python frontend implementation. In addition, the deployment of SuPy via PyPI (Python Package Index) is introduced along with the automated workflow for cross-platform compilation. This makes SuPy available for all mainstream operating systems (Windows, Linux, and macOS). Furthermore, three online tutorials in Jupyter notebooks are provided to users of different levels to become familiar with SuPy urban climate modelling. The SuPy package represents a significant enhancement that supports existing and new model applications, reproducibility, and enhanced functionality.

scholarly journals Impact of Urbanization on Heavy Convective Precipitation under Strong Large-Scale Forcing: A Case Study over the Milwaukee–Lake Michigan Region

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Yang ◽  
James A. Smith ◽  
Mary Lynn Baeck ◽  
Elie Bou-Zeid ◽  
Stephen M. Jessup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Land Surface Model ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Urban Representations ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
The City

Abstract In this study, observational and numerical modeling analyses based on the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) are used to investigate the impact of urbanization on heavy rainfall over the Milwaukee–Lake Michigan region. The authors examine urban modification of rainfall for a storm system with continental-scale moisture transport, strong large-scale forcing, and extreme rainfall over a large area of the upper Midwest of the United States. WRF simulations were carried out to examine the sensitivity of the rainfall distribution in and around the urban area to different urban land surface model representations and urban land-use scenarios. Simulation results suggest that urbanization plays an important role in precipitation distribution, even in settings characterized by strong large-scale forcing. For the Milwaukee–Lake Michigan region, the thermodynamic perturbations produced by urbanization on the temperature and surface pressure fields enhance the intrusion of the lake breeze and facilitate the formation of a convergence zone, which create favorable conditions for deep convection over the city. Analyses of model and observed vertical profiles of reflectivity using contoured frequency by altitude displays (CFADs) suggest that cloud dynamics over the city do not change significantly with urbanization. Simulation results also suggest that the large-scale rainfall pattern is not sensitive to different urban representations in the model. Both urban representations, the Noah land surface model with urban land categories and the single-layer urban canopy model, adequately capture the dominant features of this storm over the urban region.

scholarly journals Intercomparison between the Integrated Urban land Model and the Noah Urban Canopy Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunlei Meng ◽  
Junxia Dou
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Land Surface Model ◽  
Urban Canopy ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Urban Canopy Model ◽  
Canopy Model

Abstract. Urban land surface model (ULSM) is an important tool to study the climatic effect of human activity. Now there are two main methods to parameterize the effects of human activity, the coupling method and the integrating method. For the coupled method, the urban canopy model (UCM) was developed and coupled with the land surface model for the natural land surfaces. For the integrated method, the urban land surface model was built directly based on the traditional land surface model. In this paper, the Noah Single Layer Urban Canopy Model (Noah/SLUCM) and the Integrated Urban land Model (IUM) were compared using the observed fluxes data at the 325-meter meteorology tower in Beijing. Through the comparison, the key factors and physical processes of the urban land surface model which have significant impact on the performance of ULSM were found out. The results indicate that the absorbed solar radiation of urban surface was reduced by the solar radiation scattering, the absorption of building roof and wall, and the shading effect of urban canopy and tall buildings. Urban surface roughness length and friction velocity are important in urban sensible heat flux simulation. Urban water balance and impervious surface evaporation (ISE) are important in urban latent heat flux simulation.

scholarly journals Observed nighttime conductance alters modeled global hydrology and carbon budgets

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 10339-10363 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Lombardozzi ◽  
M. J. B. Zeppel ◽  
R. A. Fisher ◽  
A. Tawfik
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Land Surface Model ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Land Surface Models ◽  
Climate Simulations ◽  
Surface Models ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract. The terrestrial biosphere regulates climate through carbon, water, and energy exchanges with the atmosphere. Land surface models estimate plant transpiration, which is actively regulated by stomatal pores, and provide projections essential for understanding Earth's carbon and water resources. Empirical evidence from 204 species suggests that significant amounts of water are lost through leaves at night, though land surface models typically reduce stomatal conductance to nearly zero at night. Here, we apply observed nighttime stomatal conductance values to a global land surface model, to better constrain carbon and water budgets. We find that our modifications increase transpiration up to 5 % globally, reduce modeled available soil moisture by up to 50 % in semi-arid regions, and increase the importance of the land surface on modulating energy fluxes. Carbon gain declines up to ~ 4 % globally and > 25 % in semi-arid regions. We advocate for realistic constraints of minimum stomatal conductance in future climate simulations, and widespread field observations to improve parameterizations.

scholarly journals La représentation des surfaces continentales dans la modélisation du climat à Météo-France

2020 ◽  
pp. 067
Author(s):  
Bertrand Decharme ◽  
Christine Delire ◽  
Aaron Boone
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Land Surface Model ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Climate Modelling ◽  
History Of ◽  
International Climate ◽  
Land Surfaces ◽  
Computational Resources

Les surfaces continentales jouent un rôle non négligeable dans le système climatique de la Terre. Elles occupent d'ailleurs une place majeure dans les cycles globaux de l'eau et du carbone. Elles ont été prises en compte dès les premiers modèles numériques de climat et, avec l'évolution des connaissances, des capacités de calcul et de la demande sociétale, leur représentation s'est aujourd'hui considérablement complexifiée. Nous présentons ici une brève histoire de l'évolution du modèle de surfaces Isba (Interactions sol-biosphère-atmosphère) de Météo-France dans son utilisation à l'échelle du globe en la replaçant dans le contexte international de la modélisation climatique. Land surfaces play a significant role in the Earth climate system, and they are a major component of the global carbon and water cycles. The first numerical climate models took them into account in very simple ways. Through time the complexity of their representation has increased a lot owing to improved knowledge, larger computational resources and changing societal demands. We present here a brief history of the ISBA (Interactions Soil-Biosphere-Atmosphere) land surface model developed at Météo-France when used at the global scale and how it evolved in the context of international climate modelling.

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