Differential stemflow yield from European beech saplings: the role of individual canopy structure metrics

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Levia ◽  
B. Michalzik ◽  
K. Näthe ◽  
S. Bischoff ◽  
S. Richter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canopy Structure ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Structure Metrics

scholarly journals Differences in acid phosphomonoesterase activity in forest soils of the Smrk Massive in the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mts. (Czech Republic)

Beskydy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-152
Author(s):  
A. Bajer ◽  
P. Samec ◽  
M. Žárník
Keyword(s):  
Relative Size ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
The Individual ◽  
A Site

The purpose of this paper is to determine the individual relations between APEA and specific soils and environmental factors. To disclose these relations, analysis of component vectors and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed. Vectors of soil characteristics with participation of APEA (aAKFE) and vectors of pedochemical variables (aCHEM) were also calculated. Their ratio (ia) indicated the relative size of the APEA impact on the relations between pedochemical characteristics. Based on the statistical analyses, different role of APEA in Norway spruce and in European beech stands was detected. While APEA in spruce stands did not show significant correlations with the other examined soil chemical properties, soils under beech stands displayed strong correlations with some of the pedochemical variables. The idea of this research is to find out whether APEA could be used as an indicator of forest vegetation status and of the anthropogenic load on a site.

scholarly journals Canopy Structure Metrics Governing Stemflow Funneling Differ between Leafed and Leafless States: Insights from a Large‐scale Rainfall Simulator

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin'ichi Iida ◽  
Kathryn I. Wheeler ◽  
Kazuki Nanko ◽  
Yoshinori Shinohara ◽  
Xinchao Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Rainfall Simulator ◽  
Structure Metrics

scholarly journals Mast seeding promotes evolution of scatter-hoarding

2021 ◽  
Vol 376 (1839) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafał Zwolak ◽  
Dale Clement ◽  
Andrew Sih ◽  
Sebastian J. Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Mast Seeding ◽  
Scatter Hoarding ◽  
Future Consumption ◽  
Seed Fall ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Parameter Values

Many plant species worldwide are dispersed by scatter-hoarding granivores: animals that hide seeds in numerous, small caches for future consumption. Yet, the evolution of scatter-hoarding is difficult to explain because undefended caches are at high risk of pilferage. Previous models have attempted to solve this problem by giving cache owners large advantages in cache recovery, by kin selection, or by introducing reciprocal pilferage of ‘shared’ seed resources. However, the role of environmental variability has been so far overlooked in this context. One important form of such variability is masting, which is displayed by many plant species dispersed by scatterhoarders. We use a mathematical model to investigate the influence of masting on the evolution of scatter-hoarding. The model accounts for periodically varying annual seed fall, caching and pilfering behaviour, and the demography of scatterhoarders. The parameter values are based mostly on research on European beech ( Fagus sylvatica ) and yellow-necked mice ( Apodemus flavicollis ). Starvation of scatterhoarders between mast years decreases the population density that enters masting events, which leads to reduced seed pilferage. Satiation of scatterhoarders during mast events lowers the reproductive cost of caching (i.e. the cost of caching for the future rather than using seeds for current reproduction). These reductions promote the evolution of scatter-hoarding behaviour especially when interannual variation in seed fall and the period between masting events are large. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The ecology and evolution of synchronized seed production in plants’.

scholarly journals Microclimatic Tipping Points at the Beech–Oak Ecotone in the Western Romanian Carpathians

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Hohnwald ◽  
Adrian Indreica ◽  
Helge Walentowski ◽  
Christoph Leuschner
Keyword(s):  
Canopy Structure ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Beech Forest ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Tipping Points ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Elevation Difference ◽  
Romanian Carpathians

European beech (Fagus sylvatica) is a drought-sensitive species that likely will retreat from its xeric distribution edges in the course of climate warming. Physiological measurements indicate that the species may not only be sensitive to soil water deficits, but also to high temperatures and elevated atmospheric vapor pressure deficits (vpd). Through microclimatological measurements in the stand interior across near-natural beech forest–oak forest ecotones, we searched for microclimatic tipping points in the contact zone with the aim to define the thermic and hydrometeorological limits of beech more precisely. In three transects in the foothills of the Romanian western Carpathians, we measured in mid-summer 2019 air temperature, relative air humidity, and vpd at 2 m height in the stand interior across the ecotone from pure oak to pure beech forests, and compared the readings to the microclimate in forest gaps. Mean daytime temperature (T) and vpd were by 2 K and 2 hPa, respectively, higher in the oak forests than the beech forests; the extremes differed even more. Especially in the second half of the day, the oak forests heated up and were more xeric than the beech forests. Part of the differences is explained by the elevation difference between oak and beech forests (200–300 m), but species differences in canopy structure, leaf area, and canopy transmissivity enhance the microclimatic contrast. Our T and vpd data point to thresholds at about 30 °C and 25 hPa as maxima tolerated by beech in the lowermost shade canopy for extended periods. In conclusion, the rather sharp stand microclimatic gradient demonstrated here for the xeric distribution limit of beech may well be the decisive factor that hinders the spread of beech into the warmer oak forests.

scholarly journals NAD(P)H Drives the Ascorbate–Glutathione Cycle and Abundance of Catalase in Developing Beech Seeds Differently in Embryonic Axes and Cotyledons

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2021
Author(s):  
Ewa Marzena Kalemba ◽  
Shirin Alipour ◽  
Natalia Wojciechowska
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Embryonic Axes ◽  
Lowland Forests ◽  
Glutathione Cycle ◽  
Glutathione Enzymes ◽  
Redox Forms

European beech is an important component of European lowland forests in terms of ecology, and produces irregular seeds categorized as intermediate due to their limited longevity. Removal of the excess of reactive oxygen species is crucial for redox homeostasis in growing plant tissues. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is detoxified via the plant-specific ascorbate-glutathione cycle, and enzymatically, mainly by catalase (CAT). The reduced and oxidized (redox) forms of ascorbate (AsA, DHA) and glutathione (GSH, GSSG) decreased during maturation as the content of redox forms of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH, NAD+) phosphate (NADPH, NADP+), cofactors of ascorbate–glutathione enzymes, declined and limited this cycle. The degree of oxidation of glutathione peaked at approximately 80%, at the exact time when the NADP content was the lowest and the NADPH/NADP+ ratio reached the highest values. The glutathione pool was reflected in changes in the NADP pool, both in embryonic axes (R2 = 0.61) and in cotyledons (R2 = 0.98). A large excess of NADPH was reported in embryonic axes, whereas cotyledons displayed more unified levels of NADP redox forms. As a result, anabolic redox charge and reducing power were higher in embryonic axes. CAT was recognized as two proteins, and the abundance of the 55 kDa protein was correlated with all redox forms of ascorbate, glutathione, NAD, and NADP, whereas the 37 kDa protein was oppositely regulated in embryonic axes and cotyledons. Here, we discuss the role of NAD(P) in the regulation of the ascorbate–glutathione cycle, catalase, and seed longevity concerning a putative role of NAD(P)H as a redox biomarker involved in predefining seed quality, because NAD(P)H-derived redox homeostasis was found to be better controlled in embryonic axes than cotyledons.

scholarly journals Tree girdling provides insight on the role of labile carbon in nitrogen partitioning between soil microorganisms and adult European beech

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1622-1631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Dannenmann ◽  
Judy Simon ◽  
Rainer Gasche ◽  
Jutta Holst ◽  
Pascale Sarah Naumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Nitrogen Partitioning ◽  
Labile Carbon ◽  
Tree Girdling

The relationship between productivity and some components of canopy structure in ryegrass (Lolium spp.): IV. Canopy characters and their relationship with sward yields in some intra population selections

1975 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
General Pattern ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Harvest Year ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARYStudies were carried out to measure the productivity of selections for extreme expression of the various components of canopy structure from within six Lolium populations of contrasting morphology.Considerable variation existed for all canopy characters within each base population and this was reflected in the difference between the high and low selections.In the first harvest year productivity was closely positively correlated with leaf length. Although some significant differences in yield occurred between selections for other characters, no general pattern was evident as with leaf length. Within the base populations differences in yield occurred between selections of similar leaf length, emphasizing the role of other physiological factors in controlling yield.In general, dry-matter production was greater in the first harvest year than in the second harvest year. In the second year the long-leaved selections from L. multiflorum and L. multiflorum × L. perenne continued to produce greater yields than their respective short-leaved selections and base populations, but no such differences were evident in L. perenne S. 23 and S. 23 × Ba 6280. Whilst long-leaved selections from the former group were as persistent, or even more persistent than their base populations, the long-leaved selections from L. perenne S. 23 and S. 23 × Ba 6280 showed a lower persistency. Similarly, whilst erect tiller selections from L. multiflorum and L. multiflorum × L. perenne were as or more persistent than their base populations, the three L. perenne erect tiller selections exhibited reduced persistency.The plant breeding implications of these results are discussed.

scholarly journals Measurement and modelling ozone fluxes over a cut and fertilized grassland

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1069-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mészáros ◽  
L. Horváth ◽  
T. Weidinger ◽  
A. Neftel ◽  
E. Nemitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deposition Velocity ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Flux Measurement ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Northern Germany ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Ozone Fluxes ◽  
Soil Emission

Abstract. During the GRAMINAE intensive field campaign between 20 May and 15 June 2000, ozone flux was measured and modelled above grassland in northern Germany, Braunschweig. Results of flux measurement and model calculations are presented in this study. Effects of agricultural activities (cut and fertilization) on ozone fluxes have also been analysed. A detailed deposition model for ozone is used to parameterise and to calculate the deposition velocity and flux of the ozone. Model calculations also provide an evaluation of the ratio of stomatal and non-stomatal fluxes. Measured and modelled flux and deposition velocity values have been compared for each period (before cut of grass, after cut, and after fertilization). Results show that agricultural activities hardly have any influence on total O3 fluxes, although both cutting and fertilization have complex impacts on different deposition pathways. Reduced vegetation decreased the stomatal exchange, while at the same time for this short canopy, the role of both soil emission of NO (promoting ozone loss close to the surface) and deposition of ozone to soil surface have increased. These effects demonstrate the importance of canopy structure and non-stomatal pathways on O3 fluxes.

scholarly journals Role of ethylene in the regulation of cell death and leaf loss in ozone-exposed European beech

2005 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 886-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANGELA J. NUNN ◽  
SABINE ANEGG ◽  
GUNTER BETZ ◽  
SABINA SIMONS ◽  
GABRIELE KALISCH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
European Beech
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document