Sea-level rise impact on fresh groundwater lenses in two-layer small islands

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (24) ◽  
pp. 5938-5953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Ketabchi ◽  
Davood Mahmoodzadeh ◽  
Behzad Ataie-Ashtiani ◽  
Adrian D. Werner ◽  
Craig T. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Fresh Groundwater

scholarly journals Impacts of Sea Level Rise and Groundwater Extraction Scenarios on Fresh Groundwater Resources in the Nile Delta Governorates, Egypt

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marmar Mabrouk ◽  
Andreja Jonoski ◽  
Gualbert H. P. Oude Essink ◽  
Stefan Uhlenbrook
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Nile Delta ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Salt Transport ◽  
Groundwater Extraction ◽  
Fresh Groundwater ◽  
The Impact

As Egypt’s population increases, the demand for fresh groundwater extraction will intensify. Consequently, the groundwater quality will deteriorate, including an increase in salinization. On the other hand, salinization caused by saltwater intrusion in the coastal Nile Delta Aquifer (NDA) is also threatening the groundwater resources. The aim of this article is to assess the situation in 2010 (since this is when most data is sufficiently available) regarding the available fresh groundwater resources and to evaluate future salinization in the NDA using a 3D variable-density groundwater flow model coupled with salt transport that was developed with SEAWAT. This is achieved by examining six future scenarios that combine two driving forces: increased extraction and sea level rise (SLR). Given the prognosis of the intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC), the scenarios are used to assess the impact of groundwater extraction versus SLR on the seawater intrusion in the Delta and evaluate their contributions to increased groundwater salinization. The results show that groundwater extraction has a greater impact on salinization of the NDA than SLR, while the two factors combined cause the largest reduction of available fresh groundwater resources. The significant findings of this research are the determination of the groundwater volumes of fresh water, brackish, light brackish and saline water in the NDA as a whole and in each governorate and the identification of the governorates that are most vulnerable to salinization. It is highly recommended that the results of this analysis are considered in future mitigation and/or adaptation plans.

scholarly journals Numerical Modeling of Saltwater Intrusion in the Rmel-Oulad Ogbane Coastal Aquifer (Larache, Morocco) in the Climate Change and Sea-Level Rise Context (2040)

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2167
Author(s):  
Mohamed Jalal EL Hamidi ◽  
Abdelkader Larabi ◽  
Mohamed Faouzi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Coastal Aquifer ◽  
Fresh Groundwater ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Rising Sea Levels ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
And Sea Level

Many coastal aquifers have experienced seawater intrusion (SWI) into fresh groundwater aquifers. The principal causes of SWI include over-pumping and events such as climate change (CC) and rising sea levels. In northern Morocco, the Rmel-Oulad Ogbane coastal aquifer (ROOCA) supplies high-quality groundwater for drinking water and agriculture. This favorable situation has led to increased pumping, resulting in environmental challenges such as dropping water table and SWI. Furthermore, the climate has resulted in less recharge, with an estimated annual precipitation of 602 mm and an average temperature of 18.5 °C. The goal of this study is to determine how CC, over-pumping, and sea-level rise (SLR) affect SWI. Computational groundwater and solute transport models are used to simulate the spatial and temporal evolution of hydraulic heads and groundwater solute concentrations. The calibration is based on steady and transient groundwater levels from 1962 to 2040. SWI simulations show that the NW sector of the coastal area would be polluted, with the toe reaching 5.2 km inland with a significant salinity (15–25 g/L). To protect the fresh water in the reservoir from SWI, enhanced groundwater development and management approaches for this aquifer are required, such as artificial recharge from surface water.

scholarly journals Vulnerability Analysis of Sea Level Rise In The Southern Coast of Bawean Island

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Zainul Hidayah ◽  
Agus Romadhon ◽  
Yudha Witjarnoko
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
High Level

Bawean island is one of numerous small islands in East Java. This island is famous for its natural resources and high level of environmental services. However in the last few years, effects of sea level rises on the island have been reported. Objective of this research was to identify and determine parameters that have significant impact on the vulnerability of the island due to sea level rise events. This research was conducted from July untill September 2017. The method used for this study was a combination of spatial analysis using remote sensing and  Geographical Information System (GIS), field survey and interviews with local people. Vulnerability assesment was conducted for three parameters, namely Exposure, Sensitivity and Adaptive Capacity. The results showed that the vulnerability index in the southern part of the island is 3.381. It can be classified as low vulnerability.

scholarly journals The Impact of Sea-Level Rise on Tourism Small Islands a Case Study of Wenzhou Island during the Pre-COVID-19 Pandemic Period

CONVERTER ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 236-241
Author(s):  
Yichia Lin, Wenlung Chang, Wongchai Anupong
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
The Impact

During the COVID-19 pandemic period, island tourism experienced a severe impact. Island tourism is a thriving tourism model, but it is greatly affected by the SLR (sea level rise) due to climate change. Small island tourism must to face flooding problems that cause sea-level rise. GIS can be used to plan and monitor land use. This case study uses GIS (Geography information system) pre-COVID-19 pandemic period to predict flooding at different scales. After three different scales of digitization processing, it is found that: Overall, the flood area is located in the northern part of the island. The relationship is consistent, that is, the flood season is directly proportional to the peak tourist season. Sea level rise will cause changes in tourist attractions on the island; residents' daily lives will face major changes. This study provides a small amount of inundation scale predictions at different scales; hopes to be helpful for the island’s tourism resource planning and residents’ adaptation. To avoid add climate change refugees and rational use of tourism resources on lack nature resource small islands.

scholarly journals Sea level rise impact modelling on small islands: case study gili raja island of east java

2018 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 01017
Author(s):  
Zainul Hidayah ◽  
Luhur Mukti Prayogo ◽  
Maulinna Kusumo Wardhani
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Coastal Impacts ◽  
Impact Modelling ◽  
Flooded Area ◽  
Run Up ◽  
The Impact

Coastal regions and small islands are areas that will be adversely affected by the phenomenon of sea level rise globally. In general, Sea Level Rise (SLR) will result in coastal impacts as follows: increased frequency and intensity of floods, changes in ocean currents and widespread intrusion of sea water. This research was conducted in Gili Raja Island of Sumenep Madura. Objectives of this research were to demonstrate the ability of combining remote sensing and GIS method to determine the impact of SLR on a small island and to model its scale using different scenario. GIS based run-up model were performed to estimate and predict the impact of SLR to the island’s area. Three water level scenario (0.5 m, 1.0 m and 1.5 m) were applied. The results showed that in the first scenario 8.73% of the island was flooded by sea water, furthermore in two other scenario the flooded area was increase significantly (15.88% and 22.38%).

scholarly journals From days to decades: numerical modeling of freshwater lens response to climate change stressors on small islands

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 11439-11487 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Holding ◽  
D. M. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Freshwater Lens ◽  
Andros Island ◽  
Time Periods

Abstract. Freshwater lenses on small islands are vulnerable to many climate change related stressors, which can act over relatively long time periods, on the order of decades (e.g. sea level rise, changes in recharge), or short time periods, such as days (storm surge overwash). This study evaluates response of the freshwater lens on a small low-lying island to various stressors. To account for the varying temporal and spatial scales of the stressors, two different density-dependent flow and solute transport codes are used: SEAWAT and HydroGeoSphere. The study site is Andros Island in the Bahamas, which is characteristic of other low-lying carbonate islands in the Caribbean and South Pacific regions. In addition to projected sea level rise and reduced recharge under future climate change, Andros Island experienced a storm surge overwash event during Hurricane Francis in 2004, which contaminated the main wellfield. Simulations of reduced recharge result in up to 19% loss of freshwater lens volume, while sea level rise contributes up to 5% volume loss. The lens responds relatively quickly to these stressors, within 0.5 to 3 years. Simulations of the storm surge overwash indicate that the freshwater lens recovers over time; however, prompt remedial action can restore the lens to potable concentrations up to one month sooner.

Groundwater salinisation in the Wadden Sea area of the Netherlands: quantifying the effects of climate change, sea-level rise and anthropogenic interferences

2012 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Pauw ◽  
P.G.B. de Louw ◽  
G.H.P. Oude Essink
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Wadden Sea ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Fresh Groundwater ◽  
Sea Area

AbstractHydrogeological research in coastal areas has gained considerable attention over the last decades due to increasing stresses on fresh groundwater resources. Fundamental groundwater flow and solute transport analyses remain essential for a concise understanding of the governing processes that lead to salinisation of fresh groundwater resources. However, the challenge of modern research is the application and quantification of these processes in real world cases. In this context, deltaic areas are amongst the most difficult study areas as they often have a complex groundwater salinity distribution. The Wadden Sea area in the northern part of the Netherlands is an example of such an area.We quantified salt water intrusion and salinisation of groundwater flow systems in two representative case studies in the Wadden Sea area, using the density dependent groundwater flow and transport code M0CDENS3D. The results indicate that sea-level rise and autonomous processes will cause severe salinisation in the future, especially in the low polder areas close to the sea. In addition, we show that enhanced land subsidence due to salt exploitation accelerates this process. Salinisation can be mitigated to some extent by raising surface water levels in polders and by creating saline groundwater collection areas that maintain a low controlled water level.

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