Individual antecedents of workplace victimisation: The role of negative affect, personality and self‐esteem in junior doctors' exposure to bullying at work

Uncivil behaviours from insider as well as outsider members of the organization are commonly experienced and may have detrimental effects on employee’s well-being. While previous diary studies demonstrated that such effects might already appear within the same day, few investigated how long they might last. Moreover, previous studies that examined targets of incivility’s stress reaction mainly focused on emotions and neglected that such interpersonal misconduct might also impair employees’ self-esteem. In addition, previous studies on the boundary conditions of experienced incivility’s effects showed that resources are crucial to cope with experienced incivility’ effects. However, few studies considered the close social context and specifically whether targets observe others being rudely treated as well, which may also buffer targets’ stress reaction. In addition, employees may have to cope with many job stressors (included incivility) but resources are limited, thus they may lack the resources to successfully cope with experienced incivility’s effects. We therefore conducted two first diary studies to examine the short-term effects of experienced incivility on employees’ well-being (angry and depressive mood and self-esteem) as well as the lagged effects on general negative affect. In a third filed study, we also examined customer incivility’ effects on exhaustion and job satisfaction. In addition, we investigated the buffering role of observed incivility as well as the exacerbating role of some work stressors (workload, organizational constraints and an organizational change). Our findings revealed that experienced incivility positively related to angry, depressive mood and exhaustion and negatively related to self-esteem and job satisfaction. With regard to the boundary conditions, observed incivility did buffer experienced incivility’s effects on depressive mood and self-esteem. Unexpectedly however, the organizational change also buffered customer incivility’ effects on job satisfaction. Finally and in line with the depletion of resources assumption, workload did exacerbate experienced incivility’s effect on general negative affect. Overall, the present research confirms the harmful effects of experienced incivility on employees’ well-being. Moreover, it highlights that sharing experiences of incivility with other victims may buffer targets’ strain and on the contrary, facing some work stressors may exacerbate it.

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The Role of Perfectionism in Daily Self-Esteem, Attachment, and Negative Affect

Journal of Personality ◽

10.1111/j.1467-6494.2011.00741.x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 80 (3) ◽

pp. 633-663 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

David M. Dunkley ◽

Jody-Lynn Berg ◽

David C. Zuroff

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Self Esteem

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Dispositional Hardiness and Women's Well-Being Relating to Gender Discrimination: the Role of Minimization

Psychology of Women Quarterly ◽

10.1111/1471-6402.00099 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 197-208 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Mindi D. Foster ◽

Kenneth L. Dion

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Negative Affect ◽

Gender Discrimination ◽

Well Being ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Laboratory Simulation ◽

The Third ◽

Hypothetical Scenario ◽

Mental Health Benefits

Three studies examined whether personality-based hardiness would be associated with mental health benefits in contexts of gender discrimination. Hardy women encountering both a laboratory simulation and a hypothetical scenario of discrimination showed greater self-esteem and less negative affect than low hardy women. However, these benefits were mediated by the use of specific attributions, suggesting that well-being in hardy women may have been achieved through minimizing the pervasiveness of discrimination. The third study showed this mediation pattern occurred only for participants exposed to higher threat scenarios versus lower threat scenarios of discrimination. Thus, minimizing the pervasiveness of discrimination may have been a threat-reducing tool for high hardy women. Bandura's (1997) self-efficacy theory was used as a possible explanation for this finding.

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The effect of body dissatisfaction on disordered eating: The mediating role of self-esteem and negative affect in male and female adolescents

Journal of Health Psychology ◽

10.1177/1359105317748734 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (8) ◽

pp. 1098-1108 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Soledad Cruz-Sáez ◽

Aitziber Pascual ◽

Anna Wlodarczyk ◽

Enrique Echeburúa

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorder ◽

Negative Affect ◽

Body Dissatisfaction ◽

Disordered Eating ◽

General Health Questionnaire ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Drive For Thinness ◽

Mediating Role ◽

The Relationship

This study aimed to determine whether self-esteem and negative affect sequentially mediate the relationship between body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. A total of 806 adolescents (61.8% females) completed the Drive for Thinness, Bulimia, and Body Dissatisfaction subscales of the Eating Disorder Inventory-2, the Anxiety and Depression subscales of the General Health Questionnaire-28, and the Negative Self-beliefs subscale of the Eating Disorder Belief Questionnaire. Mediational analyses showed that body dissatisfaction had both direct and indirect effects through self-esteem and negative affect on disordered eating. It was also observed that negative self-esteem mediated—completely in boys and partially in girls—the relationship between body dissatisfaction and negative affect.

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Social and Temporal Comparisons as Moderators of Psychological Resources Associations With Wellbeing

Journal of Individual Differences ◽

10.1027/1614-0001/a000193 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 96-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hasida Ben-Zur

Keyword(s):

Life Satisfaction ◽

Positive Affect ◽

Subjective Wellbeing ◽

Social Comparisons ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Psychological Resources ◽

Low Levels ◽

Age Range ◽

General Wellbeing

Abstract. The current study investigated the associations of psychological resources, social comparisons, and temporal comparisons with general wellbeing. The sample included 142 community participants (47.9% men; age range 23–83 years), who compared themselves with others, and with their younger selves, on eight dimensions (e.g., physical health, resilience). They also completed questionnaires assessing psychological resources of mastery and self-esteem, and three components of subjective wellbeing: life satisfaction and negative and positive affect. The main results showed that high levels of psychological resources contributed to wellbeing, with self-enhancing social and temporal comparisons moderating the effects of resources on certain wellbeing components. Specifically, under low levels of mastery or self-esteem self-enhancing social or temporal comparisons were related to either higher life satisfaction or positive affect. The results highlight the role of resources and comparisons in promoting people’s wellbeing, and suggest that self-enhancing comparisons function as cognitive coping mechanisms when psychological resources are low.

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Feeling Like a Burden

Social Psychology ◽

10.1027/1864-9335/a000411 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

pp. 219-238

Author(s):

James H. Wirth ◽

Ashley Batts Allen ◽

Emily M. Zitek

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Poor Performance ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Social Consequences ◽

Social Costs ◽

Negative Outcomes ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Self Compassion

Abstract. We examined the negative outcomes, particularly social costs that result when a person harms their group by performing poorly, and whether self-compassion could buffer against these negative outcomes. In Studies 1 and 2, participants performed poorly and harmed their group or performed equal to their group. Harmful poor-performing participants felt more burdensome, experienced more negative affect, felt more ostracized, anticipated more exclusion, and felt lowered self-esteem than equal-performing participants. Studies 3 and 4 disentangled poor performance from harming a group. Poor-performing participants either harmed the group or caused no harm. Harmful poor-performing participants felt more burdensome and anticipated more exclusion, indicating the additional social consequences of a harmful poor performance over a non-harmful performance. Across studies, trait self-compassion was associated with reduced negative effects.

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