scholarly journals Calretinin and calbindin architecture of the midline thalamus associated with prefrontal–hippocampal circuitry

Hippocampus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana D. Viena ◽  
Gabriela E. Rasch ◽  
Daniela Silva ◽  
Timothy A. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Midline Thalamus ◽  
Hippocampal Circuitry

Is adult hippocampal neurogenesis really relevant for the treatment of psychiatric disorders?

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Carli ◽  
Stefano Aringhieri ◽  
Shivakumar Kolachalam ◽  
Biancamaria Longoni ◽  
Giovanna Grenno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Mood Stabilizers ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Newborn Neurons ◽  
Hippocampal Circuitry

: Adult neurogenesis consists in the generation of newborn neurons from neural stem cells taking place in the adult brain. In mammals, this process is limited to very few areas of the brain, and one of these neurogenic niches is the subgranular layer of the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. Adult newborn neurons are generated from quiescent neural progenitors (QNPs), which differentiate through different steps into mature granule cells (GCs), to be finally integrated into the existing hippocampal circuitry. In animal models, adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is relevant for pattern discrimination, cognitive flexibility, emotional processing and resilience to stressful situations. Imaging techniques allow to visualize newborn neurons within the hippocampus through all their stages of development and differentiation. In humans, the evidence of AHN is more challenging, and, based on recent findings, it persists through the adulthood, even if it declines with age. Whether this process has an important role in human brain function and how it integrates into the existing hippocampal circuitry is still a matter of exciting debate. Importantly, AHN deficiency has been proposed to be relevant in many psychiatric disorders, including mood disorders, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder and schizophrenia. This review aims to investigate how AHN is altered in different psychiatric conditions and how pharmacological treatments can rescue this process. In fact, many psychoactive drugs, such as antidepressants, mood stabilizers and atypical antipsychotics (AAPs), can boost AHN with different results. In addition, some non-pharmacological approaches are discussed as well.

scholarly journals Regionally specific changes in the hippocampal circuitry accompany progression of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in preclinical Alzheimer's disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 971-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine L. Tardif ◽  
Gabriel A. Devenyi ◽  
Robert S. C. Amaral ◽  
Sandra Pelleieux ◽  
Judes Poirier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Preclinical Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers ◽  
Hippocampal Circuitry

scholarly journals Dual contributions of cerebellar-thalamic networks to learning and offline consolidation of a complex motor task

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres P Varani ◽  
Romain W Sala ◽  
Caroline Mailhes-Hamon ◽  
Jimena L Frontera ◽  
Clément Léna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Cerebellar Nuclei ◽  
Specific Inhibition ◽  
Thalamic Nuclei ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Midline Thalamus ◽  
Ventral Thalamus ◽  
Complex Motor ◽  
Offline Processing

SUMMARYThe contribution of cerebellum to motor learning is often considered to be limited to adaptation, a short-timescale tuning of reflexes and previous learned skills. Yet, the cerebellum is reciprocally connected to two main players of motor learning, the motor cortex and the basal ganglia, via the ventral and midline thalamus respectively. Here, we evaluated the contribution of cerebellar neurons projecting to these thalamic nuclei in a skilled locomotion task in mice. In the cerebellar nuclei, we found task-specific neuronal activities during the task, and lasting changes after the task suggesting an offline processing of task-related information. Using pathway-specific inhibition, we found that dentate neurons projecting to the midline thalamus contribute to learning and retrieval, while interposed neurons projecting to the ventral thalamus contribute to the offline consolidation of savings. Our results thus show that two parallel cerebello-thalamic pathways perform distinct computations operating on distinct timescales in motor learning.

scholarly journals Ventral midline thalamus is not necessary for systemic consolidation of a social memory in the rat

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 239821282093973
Author(s):  
Etienne Quet ◽  
Jean-Christophe Cassel ◽  
Brigitte Cosquer ◽  
Marine Galloux ◽  
Anne Pereira De Vasconcelos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Preference ◽  
Social Memory ◽  
Social Transmission ◽  
Standard Theory ◽  
Remote Memory ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Ventral Midline ◽  
Contextual Fear ◽  
Midline Thalamus ◽  
The Difference

According to the standard theory of memory consolidation, recent memories are stored in the hippocampus before their transfer to cortical modules, a process called systemic consolidation. The ventral midline thalamus (reuniens and rhomboid nuclei, ReRh) takes part in this transfer as its lesion disrupts systemic consolidation of spatial and contextual fear memories. Here, we wondered whether ReRh lesions would also affect the systemic consolidation of another type of memory, namely an olfaction-based social memory. To address this question we focused on social transmission of food preference. Adult Long-Evans rats were subjected to N-methyl-d-aspartate-induced, fibre-sparing lesions of the ReRh nuclei or to a sham-operation, and subsequently trained in a social transmission of food preference paradigm. Retrieval was tested on the next day (recent memory, nSham = 10, nReRh = 12) or after a 25-day delay (remote memory, nSham = 10, nReRh = 10). All rats, whether sham-operated or subjected to ReRh lesions, learned and remembered the task normally, whatever the delay. Compared to our former results on spatial and contextual fear memories (Ali et al., 2017; Klein et al., 2019; Loureiro et al., 2012; Quet et al., 2020), the present findings indicate that the ReRh nuclei might not be part of a generic, systemic consolidation mechanism processing all kinds of memories in order to make them persistent. The difference between social transmission of food preference and spatial or contextual fear memories could be explained by the fact that social transmission of food preference is not hippocampus-dependent and that the persistence of social transmission of food preference memory relies on different circuits.

scholarly journals Early ictal recruitment of midline thalamus in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1552-1558
Author(s):  
Andrew Romeo ◽  
Alexandra T. Issa Roach ◽  
Emilia Toth ◽  
Ganne Chaitanya ◽  
Adeel Ilyas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Midline Thalamus ◽  
Mesial Temporal Lobe

scholarly journals Nucleus reuniens of the midline thalamus of a rat is specifically damaged after early postnatal alcohol exposure

Neuroreport ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 748-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary H. Gursky ◽  
Lisa M. Savage ◽  
Anna Y. Klintsova
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Nucleus Reuniens ◽  
Midline Thalamus
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