scholarly journals MRI uncovers disrupted hippocampal microstructure that underlies memory impairments after early-life adversity

Hippocampus ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 1618-1632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Molet ◽  
Pamela M. Maras ◽  
Eli Kinney-Lang ◽  
Neil G. Harris ◽  
Faisal Rashid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Memory Impairments

scholarly journals Blocking CRH receptors in adults mitigates age-related memory impairments provoked by early-life adversity

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annabel K. Short ◽  
Pamela M. Maras ◽  
Aidan L. Pham ◽  
Autumn S. Ivy ◽  
Tallie Z. Baram
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Crh Receptors

scholarly journals Short-term block of CRH receptor in adults mitigates age-related memory impairments provoked by early-life adversity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annabel K. Short ◽  
Pamela M. Maras ◽  
Aidan L. Pham ◽  
Autumn S. Ivy ◽  
Tallie Z. Baram
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Sensitive Period ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Age Related

AbstractIn humans, early-life adversity (ELA) is associated with impairments in learning and memory that may emerge later in life. In rodent models, ELA directly impacts hippocampal neuron structure and connectivity with progressive deficits in long-term potentiation and spatial memory function. Previous work has demonstrated that augmented release and actions of the stress-activated neuropeptide, CRH, contribute to the deleterious effects of ELA on hippocampal structure and memory-function. Early-life adversity increases CRH production and levels, and blocking CRH receptor type 1 (CRHR1) within the hippocampus immediately following adversity prevented the memory and LTP problems caused by ELA. Here we queried if blocking CRHR1 during adulthood ameliorates the adverse impact of ELA on memory in middle age. Blocking CRHR1 for a week in two month old male rats prevented ELA-induced deficits in object recognition memory that emerge during middle age. The intervention failed to mitigate the reduction of spatial memory at 4 and 8 months, but restored hippocampus-dependent location memory in ELA-experiencing rats during middle age (12 months of age).Notably, neither ELA nor blocking CRHR1 influenced anxiety- or depression-related behaviors These findings suggest a sensitive period during which interventions can fully prevent long-lasting effects of ELA, yet indicate that interventions later in life offer significant benefits.

Resilience in Adolescence: Prospective Self Moderates the Association of Early Life Adversity with Psychopathology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Elizabeth Zinn ◽  
Edward Huntley ◽  
Daniel Keating
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Early Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Externalizing Behavior Problems ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Latent Construct

Introduction. Early life adversity (ELA) can result in negative health-outcomes, including psychopathology. Evidence suggests that adolescence is a critical developmental period for processing ELA. Identity formation, which is crucial to this developmental period, may moderate the effect between ELA and psychopathology. One potential moderating variable associated with identity formation is Prospective Self, a latent construct comprised of future-oriented attitudes and behaviors.Methods. Participants are from the first wave of an ongoing longitudinal study designed to characterize behavioral and cognitive correlates of risk behavior trajectories. A community sample of 10th and 12th grade adolescents (N = 2017, 55% female) were recruited from nine public school districts across eight Southeastern Michigan counties in the United States. Data were collected in schools during school hours or after school via self-report, computer-administered surveys. Structural equation modeling was used in the present study to assess Prospective Self as a latent construct and to evaluate the relationship between ELA, psychopathology, and Prospective Self.Results. Preliminary findings indicated a satisfactory fit for the construct Prospective Self. The predicted negative associations between Prospective Self and psychopathology were found and evidence of moderation was observed for externalizing behavior problems, such that the effects of ELA were lower for individuals with higher levels of Prospective Self. Conclusion. These results support the role of Prospective Self in conferring resilience against externalizing behavior problems associated with ELA among adolescents. Keywords: Adolescence, Adverse Childhood Experiences, Psychopathology, Self-concept, Adolescent Health, Early Life Adversity

Protector and Casualty

2019 ◽  
pp. 495-522
Author(s):  
Meg Dennison ◽  
Katie McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Positive Emotionality ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Adverse Experiences ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Positive Valence

Early-life adversity is associated with elevated risk for a wide range of mental disorders across the lifespan, including those that involve disruptions in positive emotionality. Although extensive research has evaluated heightened negative emotionality and threat processing as developmental mechanisms linking early-life adversity with mental health problems, emerging evidence suggests that positive emotions play an integral, but complex, role in the association of early-life adversity with psychopathology. This chapter identifies two pathways through which positive emotion influences risk for psychopathology following early-life adversity. First, experiences of early-life adversity may alter the development of the “positive valence system”, which in turn increases risk for psychopathology. Second, the association between adversity and psychopathology may vary as a function of individual differences in positive emotionality. We consider how the development of positive emotionality—measured at psychological, behavioral and neurobiological levels—may be altered by early-life adversity, creating a diathesis for psychopathology. We additionally review evidence for the role of positive emotion, measured at multiple levels, as a protective factor that buffers against the adverse impacts of adversity. In integrating these two roles, it is proposed that characteristics of environmental adversity, including developmental timing, duration, and type of adversity, may differentially impact the development of positive emotionality, leading to a better understanding of risks associated with specific adverse experiences. Methodological issues regarding the measurement of adverse environments as well as implications for early intervention and treatment are discussed.

Early life adversity and the specificity of autobiographical memory amongst people with schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
pp. 103836
Author(s):  
Tom J. Barry ◽  
Clara M. Villanueva-Romero ◽  
Jose V. Hernández-Viadel ◽  
Jorge J. Ricarte
Keyword(s):  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Adversity
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document