scholarly journals Blockade of 2-arachidonoylglycerol hydrolysis produces antidepressant-like effects and enhances adult hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity

Hippocampus ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Peng Zhong ◽  
Sarah J. Liu ◽  
Jonathan Z. Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis

scholarly journals Role of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in the antidepressant actions of lactate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Carrard ◽  
Frédéric Cassé ◽  
Charline Carron ◽  
Sophie Burlet-Godinot ◽  
Nicolas Toni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Signaling Molecule ◽  
Energy Substrate ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Adult Hippocampus

AbstractIn addition to its role as a neuronal energy substrate and signaling molecule involved in synaptic plasticity and memory consolidation, recent evidence shows that lactate produces antidepressant effects in animal models. However, the mechanisms underpinning lactate’s antidepressant actions remain largely unknown. In this study, we report that lactate reverses the effects of corticosterone on depressive-like behavior, as well as on the inhibition of both the survival and proliferation of new neurons in the adult hippocampus. Furthermore, the inhibition of adult hippocampal neurogenesis prevents the antidepressant-like effects of lactate. Pyruvate, the oxidized form of lactate, did not mimic the effects of lactate on adult hippocampal neurogenesis and depression-like behavior. Finally, our data suggest that conversion of lactate to pyruvate with the concomitant production of NADH is necessary for the neurogenic and antidepressant effects of lactate.

scholarly journals Life-long brain compensatory responses to galactic cosmic radiation exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid Miry ◽  
Xiao-lei Zhang ◽  
Linnea R. Vose ◽  
Katisha R. Gopaul ◽  
Galadu Subah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Cosmic Radiation ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Deep Space ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Long Duration

AbstractGalactic cosmic radiation (GCR) composed of high-energy, heavy particles (HZE) poses potentially serious hazards to long-duration crewed missions in deep space beyond earth’s magnetosphere, including planned missions to Mars. Chronic effects of GCR exposure on brain structure and cognitive function are poorly understood, thereby limiting risk reduction and mitigation strategies to protect against sequelae from exposure during and after deep-space travel. Given the selective vulnerability of the hippocampus to neurotoxic insult and the importance of this brain region to learning and memory, we hypothesized that GCR-relevant HZE exposure may induce long-term alterations in adult hippocampal neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. To test this hypothesis, we irradiated 3-month-old male and female mice with a single, whole-body dose of 10, 50, or 100 cGy 56Fe ions (600 MeV, 181 keV/μm) at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Our data reveal complex, dynamic, time-dependent effects of HZE exposure on the hippocampus. Two months post exposure, neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity and learning were impaired compared to sham-irradiated, age-matched controls. By six months post-exposure, deficits in spatial learning were absent in irradiated mice, and synaptic potentiation was enhanced. Enhanced performance in spatial learning and facilitation of synaptic plasticity in irradiated mice persisted 12 months post-exposure, concomitant with a dramatic rebound in adult-born neurons. Synaptic plasticity and spatial learning remained enhanced 20 months post-exposure, indicating a life-long influence on plasticity and cognition from a single exposure to HZE in young adulthood. These findings suggest that GCR-exposure can persistently alter brain health and cognitive function during and after long-duration travel in deep space.

Enhancement of Hippocampal Plasticity by Physical Exercise as a Polypill for Stress and Depression: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 294-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ang Li ◽  
Suk-yu Yau ◽  
Sergio Machado ◽  
Pingjie Wang ◽  
Ti-Fei Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Synaptic Connections ◽  
Newborn Neurons ◽  
Dependent Learning

Generation of newborn neurons that form functional synaptic connections in the dentate gyrus of adult mammals, known as adult hippocampal neurogenesis, has been suggested to play critical roles in regulating mood, as well as certain forms of hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. Environmental stress suppresses structural plasticity including adult neurogenesis and dendritic remodeling in the hippocampus, whereas physical exercise exerts opposite effects. Here, we review recent discoveries on the potential mechanisms concerning how physical exercise mitigates the stressrelated depressive disorders, with a focus on the perspective of modulation on hippocampal neurogenesis, dendritic remodeling and synaptic plasticity. Unmasking such mechanisms may help devise new drugs in the future for treating neuropsychiatric disorders involving impaired neural plasticity.

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