The transformation from grid cells to place cells is robust to noise in the grid pattern

Hippocampus ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 912-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir H. Azizi ◽  
Natalie Schieferstein ◽  
Sen Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Place Cells ◽  
Grid Cells ◽  
Grid Pattern ◽  
Robust To Noise

A MODEL OF GRID CELLS BASED ON A TWISTED TORUS TOPOLOGY

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (04) ◽  
pp. 231-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEXIS GUANELLA ◽  
DANIEL KIPER ◽  
PAUL VERSCHURE
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Entorhinal Cortex ◽  
Firing Frequency ◽  
Place Cells ◽  
Grid Cells ◽  
Medial Entorhinal Cortex ◽  
Triangular Grids ◽  
Multiple Regions ◽  
Robust To Noise

The grid cells of the rat medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) show an increased firing frequency when the position of the animal correlates with multiple regions of the environment that are arranged in regular triangular grids. Here, we describe an artificial neural network based on a twisted torus topology, which allows for the generation of regular triangular grids. The association of the activity of pre-defined hippocampal place cells with entorhinal grid cells allows for a highly robust-to-noise calibration mechanism, suggesting a role for the hippocampal back-projections to the entorhinal cortex.

scholarly journals Grid pattern development, distortions and topological defects may depend on distributed anchoring

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Mørreaunet ◽  
Martin Hägglund
Keyword(s):  
Network Model ◽  
Firing Pattern ◽  
Topological Defects ◽  
Place Cells ◽  
Local Network ◽  
Grid Cells ◽  
Grid Pattern ◽  
Pattern Development ◽  
Self Motion ◽  
Network Attractor

AbstractThe firing pattern of grid cells in rats has been shown to exhibit elastic distortions that compresses and shears the pattern and suggests that the grid is locally anchored. Anchoring points may need to be learned to account for different environments. We recorded grid cells in animals encountering a novel environment. The grid pattern was not stable but moved between the first few sessions predicted by the animals running behavior. Using a learning continuous attractor network model, we show that learning distributed anchoring points may lead to such grid field movement as well as previously observed shearing and compression distortions. The model further predicted topological defects comprising a pentagonal/heptagonal break in the pattern. Grids recorded in large environments were shown to exhibit such topological defects. Taken together, the final pattern may be a compromise between local network attractor states driven by self-motion signals and distributed anchoring inputs from place cells.

scholarly journals Path integration in place cells of developing rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (7) ◽  
pp. E1637-E1646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tale L. Bjerknes ◽  
Nenitha C. Dagslott ◽  
Edvard I. Moser ◽  
May-Britt Moser
Keyword(s):  
Path Integration ◽  
Grid Cell ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Place Cells ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Motion Information ◽  
Grid Cells ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Self Motion ◽  
Made In

Place cells in the hippocampus and grid cells in the medial entorhinal cortex rely on self-motion information and path integration for spatially confined firing. Place cells can be observed in young rats as soon as they leave their nest at around 2.5 wk of postnatal life. In contrast, the regularly spaced firing of grid cells develops only after weaning, during the fourth week. In the present study, we sought to determine whether place cells are able to integrate self-motion information before maturation of the grid-cell system. Place cells were recorded on a 200-cm linear track while preweaning, postweaning, and adult rats ran on successive trials from a start wall to a box at the end of a linear track. The position of the start wall was altered in the middle of the trial sequence. When recordings were made in complete darkness, place cells maintained fields at a fixed distance from the start wall regardless of the age of the animal. When lights were on, place fields were determined primarily by external landmarks, except at the very beginning of the track. This shift was observed in both young and adult animals. The results suggest that preweaning rats are able to calculate distances based on information from self-motion before the grid-cell system has matured to its full extent.

Grid Cells Lose Coherence in Realistic Environments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Luo ◽  
Matteo Toso ◽  
Bailu Si ◽  
Federico Stella ◽  
Alessandro Treves
Keyword(s):  
Short Range ◽  
Short Range Order ◽  
Grid Cell ◽  
Place Cells ◽  
Grid Cells ◽  
Lateral Connectivity ◽  
Cell Pattern ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Adaptation Model

Spatial cognition in naturalistic environments, for freely moving animals, may pose quite different constraints from that studied in artificial laboratory settings. Hippocampal place cells indeed look quite different, but almost nothing is known about entorhinal cortex grid cells, in the wild. Simulating our self-organizing adaptation model of grid cell pattern formation, we consider a virtual rat randomly exploring a virtual burrow, with feedforward connectivity from place to grid units and recurrent connectivity between grid units. The virtual burrow was based on those observed by John B. Calhoun, including several chambers and tunnels. Our results indicate that lateral connectivity between grid units may enhance their “gridness” within a limited strength range, but the overall effect of the irregular geometry is to disable long-range and obstruct short-range order. What appears as a smooth continuous attractor in a flat box, kept rigid by recurrent connections, turns into an incoherent motley of unit clusters, flexible or outright unstable.

scholarly journals From grid cells to place cells with realistic field sizes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. e0181618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torsten Neher ◽  
Amir Hossein Azizi ◽  
Sen Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Place Cells ◽  
Grid Cells
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