scholarly journals Ensembles of human MTL neurons “jump back in time” in response to a repeated stimulus

Hippocampus ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1833-1847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc W. Howard ◽  
Indre V. Viskontas ◽  
Karthik H. Shankar ◽  
Itzhak Fried
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Stimulus

Repetition Suppression of Induced Gamma Activity Predicts Enhanced Orienting toward a Novel Stimulus in 6-month-old Infants

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 2137-2152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly A. Snyder ◽  
Andreas Keil
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Novelty Detection ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Human Infant ◽  
Gamma Activity ◽  
Repeated Stimulus ◽  
Repetition Suppression ◽  
The Face ◽  
Over 40 Years

Habituation refers to a decline in orienting or responding to a repeated stimulus, and can be inferred to reflect learning about the properties of the repeated stimulus when followed by increased orienting to a novel stimulus (i.e., novelty detection). Habituation and novelty detection paradigms have been used for over 40 years to study perceptual and mnemonic processes in the human infant, yet important questions remain about the nature of these processes in infants. The aim of the present study was to examine the neural mechanisms underlying habituation and novelty detection in infants. Specifically, we investigated changes in induced alpha, beta, and gamma activity in 6-month-old infants during repeated presentations of either a face or an object, and examined whether these changes predicted behavioral responses to novelty at test. We found that induced gamma activity over occipital scalp regions decreased with stimulus repetition in the face condition but not in the toy condition, and that greater decreases in the gamma band were associated with enhanced orienting to a novel face at test. The pattern and topography of these findings are consistent with observations of repetition suppression in the occipital–temporal visual processing pathway, and suggest that encoding in infant habituation paradigms may reflect a form of perceptual learning. Implications for the role of repetition suppression in infant habituation and novelty detection are discussed with respect to a biased competition model of visual attention.

scholarly journals Dyslexic Adults Can Learn from Repeated Stimulus Presentation but Have Difficulties in Excluding External Noise

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. e27893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel L. Beattie ◽  
Zhong-Lin Lu ◽  
Franklin R. Manis
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
External Noise ◽  
Repeated Stimulus

scholarly journals Visual stimulus-specific habituation of innate defensive behaviour in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 224 (6) ◽  
pp. jeb230433
Author(s):  
Azadeh Tafreshiha ◽  
Sven A. van der Burg ◽  
Kato Smits ◽  
Laila A. Blömer ◽  
J. Alexander Heimel
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Previous Experience ◽  
Defensive Behaviour ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Repeated Stimulus ◽  
Defensive Responses ◽  
Animal Survival ◽  
Field Location

ABSTRACTInnate defensive responses such as freezing or escape are essential for animal survival. Mice show defensive behaviour to stimuli sweeping overhead, like a bird cruising the sky. Here, we tested this in young male mice and found that mice reduced their defensive freezing after sessions with a stimulus passing overhead repeatedly. This habituation is stimulus specific, as mice freeze again to a novel shape. Habituation occurs regardless of the visual field location of the repeated stimulus. The mice generalized over a range of sizes and shapes, but distinguished objects when they differed in both size and shape. Innate visual defensive responses are thus strongly influenced by previous experience as mice learn to ignore specific stimuli.

A Physiological Difference Between Hallucinosis and Schizophrenia

1973 ◽  
Vol 122 (571) ◽  
pp. 687-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Meares ◽  
Thomas Horvath
Keyword(s):  
Orienting Response ◽  
Thought Disorder ◽  
Repeated Stimulus ◽  
Physiological Difference ◽  
Bodily Fluids ◽  
Biochemical Research ◽  
Sensory Filter

Boulton (1971), in an authoritative review, has pointed out that biochemical research into schizophrenia has depended upon the assumption that hallucinogens, such as mescaline and LSD produce a state similar to schizophrenia, and that such research has therefore principally been concerned with attempts to find hallucinogens, or substances closely related to them, in the bodily fluids of schizophrenics. Since this model has been criticized on phenomenological grounds, we decided to make a comparison between states of visual hallucinosis and of schizophrenia with thought disorder, using a measure which tests a common hypothesis concerning the origin of schizophrenic symptoms. This hypothesis suggests that the symptoms of schizophrenia are manifestations of failure of a hypothetical sensory ‘filter’ (Broadbent, 1958). This mechanism determines the individual's ‘selective inattention’ to the irrelevancies of his environment. Its function can be assessed by a study of habituation, which is the process whereby a randomly repeated stimulus fails in time to elicit an orienting response.

The assessment and significance of habituation to a repeated stimulus by the human fetus

1982 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo R. Leader ◽  
Peter Baillie ◽  
Bahia Martin ◽  
Elsebeth Vermeulen
Keyword(s):  
Human Fetus ◽  
Repeated Stimulus

scholarly journals Repeated Stimulus Exposure Alters the Way Sound Is Encoded in the Human Brain

PLoS ONE ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. e10283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly L. Tremblay ◽  
Kayo Inoue ◽  
Katrina McClannahan ◽  
Bernhard Ross
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Stimulus Exposure ◽  
Repeated Stimulus ◽  
The Way
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