scholarly journals Modeling the role of working memory and episodic memory in behavioral tasks

Hippocampus ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric A. Zilli ◽  
Michael E. Hasselmo
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Behavioral Tasks

scholarly journals The neuropsychology of emerging psychosis and the role of working memory in episodic memory encoding

2018 ◽  
Vol Volume 11 ◽  
pp. 157-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlon O Pflueger ◽  
Pasquale Calabrese ◽  
Erich Studerus ◽  
Ronan Zimmermann ◽  
Ute Gschwandtner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Encoding

scholarly journals Influence of Cognitive Reserve on Cognitive Trajectories: Role of Brain Pathologies

Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012728
Author(s):  
Xuerui Li ◽  
Ruixue Song ◽  
Xiuying Qi ◽  
Hui Xu ◽  
Wenzhe Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Mixed Effect Models ◽  
Global Cognition

Background and Objectives:Evidence on the association of the cognitive reserve (CR) with the cognitive trajectories is limited. We aimed to examine the influence of CR indicator on domain-specific cognitive trajectories taking brain pathologies into account.Methods:Within the Rush Memory and Aging Project, 1,697 dementia-free participants (mean age: 79.6 years) were followed up to 21 years. CR indicator encompassing education, early-life, mid-life, and late-life cognitive activities, and late-life social activity was ascertained at baseline and categorized as tertiles (the lowest, middle, and highest). Global cognition, episodic memory, semantic memory, working memory, visuospatial ability, and perceptual speed were assessed annually with 19 tests, from which composite scores were derived. During the follow-up, 648 died and underwent autopsies to evaluate brain pathologies. Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effect models.Results:Among the participants, the score of the CR indicator ranged from -8.00 to 5.74 (mean: 0.00±2.23). In multi-adjusted mixed-effect models, compared to the lowest CR, the highest was related to a slower decline in global cognition (β=0.028, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.012 to 0.043), episodic memory (β=0.028, 95% CI: 0.010 to 0.047) and working memory (β=0.019, 95% CI: 0.005 to 0.033) during the follow-up. In brain pathological data analysis, the association of the highest CR with cognitive function changes remained significant among participants with high Alzheimer’s disease pathology or gross infarcts.Discussion:High CR indicator is associated with preserved global cognitive function, episodic memory, and working memory, even in the presence of brain pathologies. Our findings highlight the important role of high CR accumulation in the prevention of cognitive decline.

scholarly journals Dopamine D2 receptor availability is linked to hippocampal–caudate functional connectivity and episodic memory

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (28) ◽  
pp. 7918-7923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Nyberg ◽  
Nina Karalija ◽  
Alireza Salami ◽  
Micael Andersson ◽  
Anders Wåhlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Dopamine D2 Receptor ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
D2 Receptor ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
D2 Dopamine Receptors ◽  
Specific Contribution

D1 and D2 dopamine receptors (D1DRs and D2DRs) may contribute differently to various aspects of memory and cognition. The D1DR system has been linked to functions supported by the prefrontal cortex. By contrast, the role of the D2DR system is less clear, although it has been hypothesized that D2DRs make a specific contribution to hippocampus-based cognitive functions. Here we present results from 181 healthy adults between 64 and 68 y of age who underwent comprehensive assessment of episodic memory, working memory, and processing speed, along with MRI and D2DR assessment with [11C]raclopride and PET. Caudate D2DR availability was positively associated with episodic memory but not with working memory or speed. Whole-brain analyses further revealed a relation between hippocampal D2DR availability and episodic memory. Hippocampal and caudate D2DR availability were interrelated, and functional MRI-based resting-state functional connectivity between the ventral caudate and medial temporal cortex increased as a function of caudate D2DR availability. Collectively, these findings indicate that D2DRs make a specific contribution to hippocampus-based cognition by influencing striatal and hippocampal regions, and their interactions.

Effect of aging on real route memorization: the role of working memory and episodic memory

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doriane Gras ◽  
Marie-Paule Daniel ◽  
Guy Labiale ◽  
Pascale Piolino ◽  
Valérie Gyselinck
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Episodic Memory

Working Memory and Number Sense as Predictors of Mathematical (Dis-)Ability

2015 ◽  
Vol 223 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn H. Kroesbergen ◽  
Marloes van Dijk
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Number Sense ◽  
Mathematical Learning ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Mathematical Learning Disabilities ◽  
Visual Spatial Working Memory ◽  
And Mathematics

Recent research has pointed to two possible causes of mathematical (dis-)ability: working memory and number sense, although only few studies have compared the relations between working memory and mathematics and between number sense and mathematics. In this study, both constructs were studied in relation to mathematics in general, and to mathematical learning disabilities (MLD) in particular. The sample consisted of 154 children aged between 6 and 10 years, including 26 children with MLD. Children performing low on either number sense or visual-spatial working memory scored lower on math tests than children without such a weakness. Children with a double weakness scored the lowest. These results confirm the important role of both visual-spatial working memory and number sense in mathematical development.

Working Memory Capacity and a Notorious Brain Teaser

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim De Neys ◽  
Niki Verschueren
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Secondary Task ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Normative Reasoning ◽  
Monty Hall Dilemma ◽  
Monty Hall ◽  
Memory Resources

Abstract. The Monty Hall Dilemma (MHD) is an intriguing example of the discrepancy between people’s intuitions and normative reasoning. This study examines whether the notorious difficulty of the MHD is associated with limitations in working memory resources. Experiment 1 and 2 examined the link between MHD reasoning and working memory capacity. Experiment 3 tested the role of working memory experimentally by burdening the executive resources with a secondary task. Results showed that participants who solved the MHD correctly had a significantly higher working memory capacity than erroneous responders. Correct responding also decreased under secondary task load. Findings indicate that working memory capacity plays a key role in overcoming salient intuitions and selecting the correct switching response during MHD reasoning.

The role of working memory in metacognition

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana V. C. Coutinho ◽  
Joshua S. Redford ◽  
Justin J. Couchman ◽  
J. David Smith
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory
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