scholarly journals Interface design on cabin pressurization system affecting pilot's situation awareness: The comparison between digital displays and pointed displays

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen‐Chin Li ◽  
Marko Zakarija ◽  
Chung‐San Yu ◽  
Pete McCarty
Keyword(s):  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
Pressurization System

scholarly journals Improving Human Ground Control Performance in Unmanned Aerial Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Marianna Di Gregorio ◽  
Marco Romano ◽  
Monica Sebillo ◽  
Giuliana Vitiello ◽  
Angela Vozella
Keyword(s):  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
Human Machine Interface ◽  
Ground Control ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Ground Control Station ◽  
Machine Interface ◽  
Team Situation Awareness ◽  
Aerial Systems

The use of Unmanned Aerial Systems, commonly called drones, is growing enormously today. Applications that can benefit from the use of fleets of drones and a related human–machine interface are emerging to ensure better performance and reliability. In particular, a fleet of drones can become a valuable tool for monitoring a wide area and transmitting relevant information to the ground control station. We present a human–machine interface for a Ground Control Station used to remotely operate a fleet of drones, in a collaborative setting, by a team of multiple operators. In such a collaborative setting, a major interface design challenge has been to maximize the Team Situation Awareness, shifting the focus from the individual operator to the entire group decision-makers. We were especially interested in testing the hypothesis that shared displays may improve the team situation awareness and hence the overall performance. The experimental study we present shows that there is no difference in performance between shared and non-shared displays. However, in trials when unexpected events occurred, teams using shared displays-maintained good performance whereas in teams using non-shared displays performance reduced. In particular, in case of unexpected situations, operators are able to safely bring more drones home, maintaining a higher level of team situational awareness.

Level of Automation Forms a Key Aspect of Autonomy Design

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mica R. Endsley
Keyword(s):  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Level Of Automation ◽  
Out Of The Loop ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Levels Of Automation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

The concept of different levels of automation (LOAs) has been pervasive in the automation literature since its introduction by Sheridan and Verplanck. LOA taxonomies have been very useful in guiding understanding of how automation affects human cognition and performance, with several practical and theoretical benefits. Over the past several decades a wide body of research has been conducted on the impact of various LOAs on human performance, workload, and situation awareness (SA). LOA has a significant effect on operator SA and level of engagement that helps to ameliorate out-of-the-loop performance problems. Together with other aspects of system design, including adaptive automation, granularity of control, and automation interface design, LOA is a fundamental design characteristic that determines the ability of operators to provide effective oversight and interaction with system autonomy. LOA research provides a solid foundation for guiding the creation of effective human–automation interaction, which is critical for the wide range of autonomous and semiautonomous systems currently being developed across many industries.

User Interface Design Guidelines for Marine Autonomous Operations Involving a Large Number of Actors, Devices and Sensors

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Poranen ◽  
Giancarlo Marafioti ◽  
Gorm Johansen ◽  
Eivind Sæter
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
User Interface Design ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Work Process ◽  
User Experience Design ◽  
Content Part ◽  
User Friendly

User interface (UI) is a platform that enables interaction between a human and a machine, a visual part of an information device, such as a computer or software, which user interacts with. A good user interface design makes operating a machine efficient, safe and user friendly in a way that gives the desired result. This paper describes a set of guidelines defined for marine autonomous operations where many actors, devices and sensors are interacting. The UI should manage and present in a user-friendly manner a large amount of data, ensuring situation awareness for the operator/user. The design guidelines of the user interface consist of both a work process part and a content part, also called user experience design (UX). The work process consists of four sections: manage, plan, operate and evaluate, while the content part focuses on how to show the information. Both parts will be detailed and discussed and can be taken as a reference for designing user interfaces in particular for marine autonomous operations.

Situation awareness oriented user interface design for fire emergency response

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Yang, PhD, MSc, BSc, FBCS, CITP ◽  
Raj Prasanna, PhD candidate ◽  
Malcolm King, PhD, MA, FIMA, CMath
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
System Development ◽  
Fire Fighters ◽  
Emergency Response System ◽  
Response System ◽  
Emergency Personnel ◽  
First Response ◽  
The Right

Emergency response management demands certain characteristics of the individuals involved. They need to act decisively on often little or incomplete information within tight time schedules, or, sometimes, with too much data from which it is difficult to extract key information. Procuring the right information at the right time, in the right format, and to get it to the right people is a challenge in any emergency response management system design; especially, as poor designs can lead to response systems that are not used, are ineffective, and in some cases dangerous to the emergency personnel. This article explores how situation awareness (SA) oriented design can be used for on-site emergency response system development. The end-user requirements are identified through extensive interviews with fire fighters and observations of fire emergency response training simulations. These requirements are calculated against the identified responsibilities of the core members in the first responder hierarchy. The on-site dynamic information which could be presented to emergency personnel is examined through the use of three SA levels to meet the various requirements of the first response party. Finally, an interface prototype of an information system for fire and rescue services is presented to illustrate the methods proposed in the article. Although our focus was on structural fire and fire fighters, the interface design for an onsite emergency response system proposed here is applicable for other emergency response situations as well, due to standard operating procedures.

Effective Human to Human Communication of Information Provided by an Unmanned Vehicle

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia L. McDermott ◽  
Jason Luck ◽  
Laurel Allender ◽  
Alia Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
Unmanned Vehicles ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Radio Communication ◽  
Military Teams ◽  
Analysis Of Performance ◽  
Better Than

Much of the research on unmanned-vehicles (UVs) focuses on technology or interface design. This study however, investigated how to best support effective communication between the operator monitoring a UV and the Soldier in the field using that information to complete a mission. Several questions arise: Does the operator need to be co-located with Soldiers in the field or can he or she be in a more secure rearward location? Does the team need the capability to transmit visual images or is radio communication adequate? Is information from one type of UV better than others? Do real time mapping and tracking technologies increase situation awareness (SA)? To begin to answer these questions, military teams conducted rescue missions using the video game Raven Shield as a simulated battlefield. The analysis of performance data, self reports, and observations provide some valuable insight to these questions.

Design and Evaluation of Individual Elements of the Interface for an Agricultural Machine

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-42
Author(s):  
Aadesh K. Rakhra ◽  
Danny D. Mann
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Human Operator ◽  
Interface Elements ◽  
Agricultural Machines ◽  
User Centered

Abstract. If a user-centered approach is not used to design information displays, the quantity and quality of information presented to the user may not match the needs of the user, or it may exceed the capability of the human operator for processing and using that information. The result may be an excessive mental workload and reduced situation awareness of the operator, which can negatively affect the machine performance and operational outcomes. The increasing use of technology in agricultural machines may expose the human operator to excessive and undesirable information if the operator’s information needs and information processing capabilities are ignored. In this study, a user-centered approach was used to design specific interface elements for an agricultural air seeder. Designs of the interface elements were evaluated in a laboratory environment by developing high-fidelity prototypes. Evaluations of the user interface elements yielded significant improvement in situation awareness (up to 11%; overall mean difference = 5.0 (4.8%), 95% CI (6.4728, 3.5939), p < 0.0001). Mental workload was reduced by up to 19.7% (overall mean difference = -5.2 (-7.9%), n = 30, a = 0.05). Study participants rated the overall performance of the newly designed user-centered interface elements higher in comparison to the previous designs (overall mean difference = 27.3 (189.8%), 99% CI (35.150, 19.384), p < 0.0001). Keywords: Agricultural machines, Interface design principles, Situation awareness, User-centered design, User interface design, User experience.

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