Varieties of being “social”: Cognitive work analysis, symbolic interactionism, and sociotechnical systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 309-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Kant
Keyword(s):  
Symbolic Interactionism ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Sociotechnical Systems ◽  
Cognitive Work Analysis ◽  
Work Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Work

scholarly journals Designing for self-organisation in sociotechnical systems: resilience engineering, cognitive work analysis, and the diagram of work organisation possibilities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neelam Naikar ◽  
Ben Elix
Keyword(s):  
Task Demands ◽  
Sociotechnical Systems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Work Organisation ◽  
Resilience Engineering ◽  
Cognitive Work Analysis ◽  
Work Analysis ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Cognitive Work ◽  
Self Organisation

Abstract In designing sociotechnical systems, accounting for the phenomenon of self-organisation is critical. Empirical studies show that workers in these systems adapt not just their individual behaviours, but also their collective structures to deal with complex work environments. The concept of self-organisation can explain how such adaptations can be achieved spontaneously, continuously, and relatively seamlessly, and why this phenomenon is important for dealing with instability, uncertainty, and unpredictability in the task demands. However, existing design approaches such as resilience engineering and cognitive work analysis are limited in their capacity to design for self-organisation. This paper demonstrates that the diagram of work organisation possibilities, a recent addition to cognitive work analysis, provides a sound theoretical basis for designing for self-organisation. That is, it shows how essential components of the diagram are aligned with the concept of self-organisation and are well-grounded in empirical observations of adaptation in a variety of sociotechnical systems, specifically emergency management, military, and healthcare systems. Consequently, designs based on this diagram should have the potential to facilitate the emergence of new spatial, temporal, and functional organisational structures from the flexible actions of individual, interacting actors, thereby enhancing a system’s capacity for dealing with a dynamic, ambiguous work environment. Future research should focus on validating these ideas and demonstrating their value in industrial settings.

Designing sociotechnical systems with cognitive work analysis: putting theory back into practice

Ergonomics ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 822-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemma J.M. Read ◽  
Paul M. Salmon ◽  
Michael G. Lenné ◽  
Neville A. Stanton
Keyword(s):  
Sociotechnical Systems ◽  
Cognitive Work Analysis ◽  
Work Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Work

A Methodology for Work Domain Analysis, the First Phase of Cognitive Work Analysis

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neelam Naikar
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Domain Analysis ◽  
Sociotechnical Systems ◽  
Cognitive Work Analysis ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Work Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Work ◽  
Work Domain Analysis ◽  
Analysis Design ◽  
Work Domain

Cognitive work analysis (CWA) is gaining recognition as a promising approach for the analysis, design, and evaluation of complex, sociotechnical systems. The successful and widespread application of CWA, however, is limited by the lack of a well-defined methodology. This paper proposes a methodology for performing work domain analysis (WDA), the first phase of CWA, and it illustrates this methodology with a work domain of a home — a 'system' that will be highly familiar to everyone. This research will help to: make WDA more accessible to researchers and practitioners who were not involved in the development of WDA or who cannot be apprenticed to experts in WDA; reduce the amount of time and effort it takes to perform WDA even for experts in the area; and facilitate the application of WDA to large-scale, industry projects.

Barriers to implementing wrong site surgery guidelines: A cognitive work analysis

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Rogers ◽  
Marta L. Render ◽  
Richard I. Cook ◽  
Robert Bower ◽  
Mark Molloy
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Work Analysis ◽  
Work Analysis ◽  
Wrong Site Surgery ◽  
Cognitive Work ◽  
Wrong Site

Designing Affordance-Based Procedures Using Heuristic Cognitive Work Analysis: Application to Triage in an Emergency Department

2021 ◽  
pp. 155534342110295
Author(s):  
Thierry Morineau ◽  
Mounia Djenidi-Delfour ◽  
Fabrice Arnault
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Hospital Emergency Department ◽  
Extended Version ◽  
Cognitive Work Analysis ◽  
Hospital Emergency ◽  
Work Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Work ◽  
Analysis Application

This study describes the concept of affordance-based procedure and its implementation in a triage station in a hospital emergency department. Rather than seeking to increase operators’ adherence to procedures, an affordance-based procedure (1) aims to induce task steps using affordances that also (2) support degrees of freedom for action. The design of this procedure was guided by the application of an extended version of cognitive work analysis, named “heuristic cognitive work analysis.” This design process produced a new procedural document: a reception card. Ten months after its implementation, a qualitative evaluation with 10 triage nurses shows that the reception card is viewed as supporting coordination between the different nurses’ tasks and providing an external memory to cope with frequent interruptions during high patient inflow, even though the document is used for convenience and with unexpected and partial uses of its items. The document assessed also afforded emerging benefits, that is, acceleration of ambulance release, higher level of confidentiality, assistance for staff hand-overs. Finally, novice triage nurses are particularly sensitive to the benefits brought by this affordance-based procedure.

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