A critical appraisal of epidemiological studies investigating the effects of ultrafine particles on human health

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tushyati Maudgalya ◽  
Ash Genaidy ◽  
Gary Weckman ◽  
Richard Shell ◽  
Waldemar Karwowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Epidemiological Studies

Menangle virus: one of the first of the novel viruses from fruit bats

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Peter D Kirkland
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Management Program ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Fruit Bats ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Sound Management ◽  
The Impact

‘Brainless pig disease swoops on Sydney.' This was a media headline that threatened to emerge during the early stages of a disease outbreak in pigs in NSW. However, identification of the viral cause and epidemiological studies that supported a sound management program minimised the impact of this outbreak on animal and human health.

scholarly journals A systematic literature review and critical appraisal of epidemiological studies on outdoor air pollution and tuberculosis outcomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 33-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Popovic ◽  
Ricardo J. Soares Magalhaes ◽  
Erjia Ge ◽  
Guy B. Marks ◽  
Guang-Hui Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Outdoor Air Pollution

scholarly journals The Effects of Anthropogenic Sound and Artificial Light Exposure on Microbiomes: Ecological and Public Health Implications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake M Robinson ◽  
Ross Cameron ◽  
Brenda Parker
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Light Pollution ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Health Implications

Globally, anthropogenic sound and artificial light pollution have increased to alarming levels. Evidence suggests that these can disrupt critical processes that impact ecosystems and human health. However, limited focus has been given to the potential effects of sound and artificial light pollution on microbiomes. Microbial communities are the foundations of our ecosystems. They are essential for human health and provide myriad ecosystem services. Therefore, disruption to microbiomes by anthropogenic sound and artificial light could have important ecological and human health implications. In this mini-review, we provide a critical appraisal of available scientific literature on the effects of anthropogenic sound and light exposure on microorganisms and discuss the potential ecological and human health implications. Our mini-review shows that a limited number of studies have been carried out to investigate the effects of anthropogenic sound and light pollution on microbiomes. However, based on these studies, it is evident that anthropogenic sound and light pollution have the potential to significantly influence ecosystems and human health via microbial interactions. Many of the studies suffered from modest sample sizes, suboptimal experiments designs, and some of the bioinformatics approaches used are now outdated. These factors should be improved in future studies. This is an emerging and severely underexplored area of research that could have important implications for global ecosystems and public health. Finally, we also propose the photo-sonic restoration hypothesis: does restoring natural levels of light and sound help to restore microbiomes and ecosystem stability?

scholarly journals An embryonic zebrafish model to screen disruption of gut-vascular-barriers upon exposure to ambient ultrafine particles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung In Baek ◽  
Yi Qian ◽  
Chih-Chiang Chang ◽  
Ryan O’Donnell ◽  
Ehsan Soleimanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
Ultrafine Particle ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Ambient Particulate Matter ◽  
Zebrafish Model ◽  
Redox Active ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Notch Activation

AbstractEpidemiological studies have linked exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) with gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. Ambient ultrafine particle (UFP) are the redox-active sub-fraction of PM2.5, harboring elemental and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from urban environmental sources including diesel and gasoline exhausts. The gut vascular barrier (GVB) regulates paracellular trafficking and systemic disseminations of ingested microbes and toxins. Here, we posit that acute UFP ingestion disrupts the integrity of the intestinal barrier by modulating intestinal Notch activation. Using zebrafish embryos, we performed micro-gavage with the FITC-conjugated dextran (FD10, 10 kDa) to assess the disruption of GVB integrity upon UFP exposure. Following micro-gavage, FD10 retained in the embryonic GI system, migrated through the cloaca. Conversely, co-gavaging UFP increased transmigration of FD10 across the intestinal barrier, and FD10 fluorescence occurred in the venous capillary plexus. Ingestion of UFP further impaired the mid-intestine morphology. We performed micro-angiogram of FD10 to corroborate acute UFP-mediated disruption of GVB. Transient genetic and pharmacologic manipulations of global Notch activity suggested Notch regulation of the GVB. Overall, our integration of a genetically tractable embryonic zebrafish and micro-gavage technique provided epigenetic insights underlying ambient UFP ingestion disrupts the GVB.Graphic Abstract

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF THE COMPOSITION OF WHEAT AND RYE BRAN AND THEIR ROLE IN THE PREVENTION OF CHRONIC DISEASES OF HUMAN REVIEW

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-58
Author(s):  
N. L. Lukyanchikova ◽  
V. A. Skryabin ◽  
K. A. Tabanyukhov
Keyword(s):  
Type Diabetes ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Secondary Products ◽  
Cereal Bran ◽  
Immunomodulatory Properties ◽  
Positive Effect

The paper analyzes the literature on the therapeutic and prophylactic effects of components of secondary products of processing of rye and wheat – dietary fiber and phenolic compounds – on human health. A special role is played by soluble arabinoxylans and xylooligosaccharides associated with ferulic acid, which have prebiotic, antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. Experimental and epidemiological studies have shown that the inclusion of cereal bran in the diet has a positive effect on human health and helps to reduce the risk of diseases associated with the Western type of diet – atherosclerosis, second type diabetes, and various types of oncology.

scholarly journals PFAS Environmental Pollution and Antioxidant Responses: An Overview of the Impact on Human Field

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Bonato ◽  
Francesca Corrà ◽  
Marta Bellio ◽  
Laura Guidolin ◽  
Laura Tallandini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Environmental Distribution ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
The Impact

Due to their unique properties, perfluorinated substances (PFAS) are widely used in multiple industrial and commercial applications, but they are toxic for animals, humans included. This review presents some available data on the PFAS environmental distribution in the world, and in particular in Europe and in Veneto region of Italy, where it has become a serious problem for human health. The consumption of contaminated food and drinking water is considered one of the major source of exposure for humans. Worldwide epidemiological studies report the negative effects that PFAS have on human health, due to environmental pollution, including infertility, steroid hormone perturbation, thyroid, liver and kidney disorders and metabolic disfunctions. In vitro and in vivo researches correlated PFAS exposure to oxidative stress effects (in mammals as well as in other vertebrates of human interest), produced by a PFAS-induced increase of reactive oxygen species formation. The cellular antioxidant defense system is activated by PFAS, but it is only partially able to avoid the oxidative damage to biomolecules.

scholarly journals Microalgal Derivatives as Potential Nutraceutical and Food Supplements for Human Health: A Focus on Cancer Prevention and Interception

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Galasso ◽  
Antonio Gentile ◽  
Ida Orefice ◽  
Adrianna Ianora ◽  
Antonino Bruno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Microalgal Biomass

Epidemiological studies are providing strong evidence on beneficial health effects from dietary measures, leading scientists to actively investigate which foods and which specific agents in the diet can prevent diseases. Public health officers and medical experts should collaborate toward the design of disease prevention diets for nutritional intervention. Functional foods are emerging as an instrument for dietary intervention in disease prevention. Functional food products are technologically developed ingredients with specific health benefits. Among promising sources of functional foods and chemopreventive diets of interest, microalgae are gaining worldwide attention, based on their richness in high-value products, including carotenoids, proteins, vitamins, essential amino acids, omega-rich oils and, in general, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compounds. Beneficial effects of microalgae on human health and/or wellness could in the future be useful in preventing or delaying the onset of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. During the past decades, microalgal biomass was predominately used in the health food market, with more than 75% of the annual microalgal biomass production being employed for the manufacture of powders, tablets, capsules or pastilles. In this review, we report and discuss the present and future role of microalgae as marine sources of functional foods/beverages for human wellbeing, focusing on perspectives in chemoprevention. We dissected this topic by analyzing the different classes of microalgal compounds with health outputs (based on their potential chemoprevention activities), the biodiversity of microalgal species and how to improve their cultivation, exploring the perspective of sustainable food from the sea.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document