scholarly journals Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4: A Key Mediator for Metabolic Regulation of Liver Regeneration

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-477
Author(s):  
James Burdick ◽  
Zhaoli Sun
Keyword(s):  
Liver Regeneration ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4

scholarly journals Activation of Liver X Receptor Regulates Substrate Oxidation in White Adipocytes

Endocrinology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 150 (9) ◽  
pp. 4104-4113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britta M. Stenson ◽  
Mikael Rydén ◽  
Knut R. Steffensen ◽  
Kerstin Wåhlén ◽  
Amanda T. Pettersson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex ◽  
Substrate Oxidation ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4 ◽  
White Adipocytes ◽  
X Receptors

Abstract Liver X receptors (LXRs) are nuclear receptors with established roles in cholesterol, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism, although their function in adipocytes is not well characterized. Increased adipose tissue mass in obesity is associated with increased adipocyte lipolysis. Fatty acids (FA) generated by lipolysis can be oxidized by mitochondrial β-oxidation, reesterified, or released from the adipocyte. The latter results in higher circulating levels of free FAs, in turn causing obesity-related metabolic complications. However, mitochondrial β-oxidation can at least in part counteract an increased output of FA into circulation. In this study, we provide evidence that activation of LXRs up-regulates mitochondrial β-oxidation in both human and murine white adipocytes. We also show that the expression of a kinase regulating the cellular fuel switch, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4), is up-regulated by the LXR agonist GW3965 in both in vitro differentiated human primary adipocytes and differentiated murine 3T3-L1 cells. Moreover, activation of LXR causes PDK4-dependent phosphorylation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, thereby decreasing its activity and attenuating glucose oxidation. The specificity of the GW3965 effect on oxidation was confirmed by RNA interference targeting LXRs. We propose that LXR has an important role in the regulation of substrate oxidation and the switch between lipids and carbohydrates as cellular fuel in both human and murine white adipocytes.

scholarly journals Transforming Growth Factor β Mediates Drug Resistance by Regulating the Expression of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4 in Colorectal Cancer

2016 ◽  
Vol 291 (33) ◽  
pp. 17405-17416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Liying Geng ◽  
Haowei Yi ◽  
Wei Huo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Colon Cancer Cells ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4 ◽  
Mouse Xenograft Model

Drug resistance is one of the main causes of colon cancer recurrence. However, our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and availability of therapeutic options remains limited. Here we show that expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) is positively correlated with drug resistance of colon cancer cells and induced by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment in drug-resistant but not drug-sensitive cells. Knockdown of PDK4 expression sensitizes colon cancer cells to 5-FU or oxaliplatin-induced apoptosis in vitro and increases the effectiveness of 5-FU in the inhibition of tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model in vivo. In addition, we demonstrate for the first time that TGFβ mediates drug resistance by regulating PDK4 expression and that 5-FU induces PDK4 expression in a TGFβ signaling-dependent manner. Mechanistically, knockdown or inhibition of PDK4 significantly increases the inhibitory effect of 5-FU on expression of the anti-apoptotic factors Bcl-2 and survivin. Importantly, studies of patient samples indicate that expression of PDK4 and phosphorylation of Smad2, an indicator of TGFβ pathway activation, show a strong correlation and that both positively associate with chemoresistance in colorectal cancer. These findings indicate that the TGFβ/PDK4 signaling axis plays an important role in the response of colorectal cancer to chemotherapy. A major implication of our studies is that inhibition of PDK4 may have considerable therapeutic potential to overcome drug resistance in colorectal cancer patients, which warrants the development of PDK4-specific inhibitors.

scholarly journals Coenzyme A–mediated degradation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 promotes cardiac metabolic flexibility after high-fat feeding in mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 293 (18) ◽  
pp. 6915-6924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Schafer ◽  
Zachary T. Young ◽  
Catherine A. Makarewich ◽  
Abdallah Elnwasany ◽  
Caroline Kinter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Coenzyme A ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase ◽  
Metabolic Flexibility ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4 ◽  
Fat Feeding

scholarly journals The Role of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase-4 (PDK4) in Bladder Cancer and Chemoresistance

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 2004-2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin L. Woolbright ◽  
Dharamainder Choudhary ◽  
Andrew Mikhalyuk ◽  
Cassandra Trammel ◽  
Sambantham Shanmugam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4

Antitumor activity of potent pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 inhibitors from plants in pancreatic cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 1726-1737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukihiro Tambe ◽  
Tokio Terado ◽  
Chul Jang Kim ◽  
Ken‐ichi Mukaisho ◽  
Saori Yoshida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4

Overexpression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 in heart perturbs metabolism and exacerbates calcineurin-induced cardiomyopathy

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (2) ◽  
pp. H936-H943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guixiang Zhao ◽  
Nam Ho Jeoung ◽  
Shawn C. Burgess ◽  
Kimberly A. Rosaaen-Stowe ◽  
Takeshi Inagaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase ◽  
Metabolic Flexibility ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4 ◽  
Fatty Acid Catabolism

The heart adapts to changes in nutritional status and energy demands by adjusting its relative metabolism of carbohydrates and fatty acids. Loss of this metabolic flexibility such as occurs in diabetes mellitus is associated with cardiovascular disease and heart failure. To study the long-term consequences of impaired metabolic flexibility, we have generated mice that overexpress pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK)4 selectively in the heart. Hearts from PDK4 transgenic mice have a marked decrease in glucose oxidation and a corresponding increase in fatty acid catabolism. Although no overt cardiomyopathy was observed in the PDK4 transgenic mice, introduction of the PDK4 transgene into mice expressing a constitutively active form of the phosphatase calcineurin, which causes cardiac hypertrophy, caused cardiomyocyte fibrosis and a striking increase in mortality. These results demonstrate that cardiac-specific overexpression of PDK4 is sufficient to cause a loss of metabolic flexibility that exacerbates cardiomyopathy caused by the calcineurin stress-activated pathway.

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