scholarly journals Regulatory T Cells Restrict Permeability to Bacterial Antigen Translocation and Preserve Short‐Chain Fatty Acids in Experimental Cirrhosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 1610-1623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oriol Juanola ◽  
Paula Piñero ◽  
Isabel Gómez‐Hurtado ◽  
Esther Caparrós ◽  
Rocío García‐Villalba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Bacterial Antigen ◽  
Experimental Cirrhosis ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Microbiota-derived metabolites, short chain-fatty acids, induce epigenetic modifications in CD4+ T cells in mice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raissa Carolina Alves da Silva ◽  
Marco Aurelio Ramirez Vinolo ◽  
Laís Passarielo Pral ◽  
José Luis Fachi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Host Interaction ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The gut microbiota is indispensable for the host, considering its role in regulating key aspects of host homeostasis, such as development, function and induction of T cells. One of the possibilities for microbiota-host interaction is through short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). compounds produced by fermentation of dietary fiber of intestinal lumen bacteria. These compounds can regulate gene expression, by promoting inhibition of histone deacetylase enzimes (HDACs) and activation of histone acetyltransferases enzimes (HATs), thus increasing post-translational modifications such as acetylation and crotonylation. However, details of how these two types of modifications act on host cells, especially regulatory T cells, remains to be seen. Therefore, our aim was to evaluate the SCFA mediated role of microbiota on acetylation and crotonylation of regulatory T cells, as to verify how these two modifications can interact in the histone modification scenario. In conclusion, acetylation and crotonylation, linked to microbiota, have the potential to form an importante part in regulation of T CD4+ cells and can interact and modify directly the action of HDAC enzimes, which is notably relevant to microbiota-host interface.

scholarly journals P834 Effects of short-chain fatty acids supplementation on gut inflammation in DSS-induced murine colitis model

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S646-S648
Author(s):  
C S Eun ◽  
D S Han ◽  
J G Lee ◽  
C H Park
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Gut Inflammation ◽  
Murine Colitis ◽  
Colitis Model ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract Background Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play an important role in maintaining gut homeostasis. However, inconclusive results exist whether administration of SCFAs ameliorates gut inflammation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. We aimed to evaluate the effects of butyrate or mixture of SCFAs on gut inflammation in the dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced murine colitis model. Methods Following oral treatment with 150 mM sodium butyrate or mixture of SCFAs (67.5 mM acetate, 40 mM butyrate, 25.9 mM propionate) for 2 weeks, acute colitis was induced in the C57BL/6 mice by adding 2% DSS to the drinking water for 7 days. Clinical activities including weight change and histologic findings of colonic segments were examined. Flow cytometry analysis was performed for analyzing regulatory T cells in the colonic lamina propria. To characterise the change of intestinal microbiota, high throughput Illumina MiSeq sequencing for sequential faces were performed. Results There were no significant differences in weight change, colonic length, and histological inflammation score between the DSS group, butyrate group, and SCFA mixture group. However, fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis revealed that the expression of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells were increased in the butyrate and SCFA mixture groups than in the DSS group. Metagenomic sequencing analysis demonstrated that gut microbial profiles of the butyrate and SCFA mixture groups were significantly different from those of the control and DSS groups in PCoA. The relative abundances of the phyla Verrucomicrobia and Proteobacteria, species Akkermansia muciniphila and Escherichia fergusonii were increased in the butyrate and SCFA mixture groups than control and DSS groups. Conclusion Oral administration of butyrate or mixture of SCFAs resulted in changes in the gut microbial profiles and increased regulatory T cell expressions. However, gut inflammation was not alleviated by butyrate or SCFA supplementation in the DSS-induced murine colitis model.

scholarly journals Short‐chain fatty acids as a target for prevention against food allergy by regulatory T cells

JGH Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenni Zhu ◽  
Bin Zhu ◽  
Chijun Hu ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Xiaoli Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Food Allergy ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Controllers of cutaneous regulatory T cells: ultraviolet radiation and the skin microbiome

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Schwarz ◽  
Agatha Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Contact Hypersensitivity ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Immune Reactions ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract For the maintenance of homeostasis termination of immune reactions is as equally important as their induction. In this scenario regulatory T cells (Treg) play an important role. Accordingly a variety of inflammatory diseases are caused by an impairment of Treg. Hence, it is important to identify triggers by which Treg can be induced and activated, respectively. For quite a long time it is known that ultraviolet radiation can induce Treg which inhibit cutaneous immune reactions including contact hypersensitivity. Since these Treg inhibit in an antigen-specific fashion they may harbor therapeutic potential. However similar Treg can be induced also by other triggers which include vitamin D and antimicrobial peptides. Recently it was discovered that the gut microbiome controls the development of Treg in the intestine. The same may apply for the skin. Short chain fatty acids, microbiota-derived bacterial fermentation products, appear to induce and to activate Treg in the skin. Topical application of short chain fatty acids was shown to inhibit contact hypersensitivity and to reduce inflammation in the murine imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation model. Together, these data indicate that induction and activation of Treg may be a potential therapeutic strategy to treat inflammatory diseases in the future.

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