scholarly journals Proteomic profiling of human liver biopsies: Hepatitis C virus-induced fibrosis and mitochondrial dysfunction

Hepatology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 649-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah L. Diamond ◽  
Jon M. Jacobs ◽  
Bryan Paeper ◽  
Sean C. Proll ◽  
Marina A. Gritsenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Human Liver ◽  
Proteomic Profiling ◽  
Human Liver Biopsies ◽  
Liver Biopsies

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and evolution of hepatitis C virus – 15 years on

2004 ◽  
Vol 85 (11) ◽  
pp. 3173-3188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Simmonds
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Human Liver ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Selection Pressures ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Persistent Viruses ◽  
The Face

In the 15 years since the discovery of hepatitis C virus (HCV), much has been learned about its role as a major causative agent of human liver disease and its ability to persist in the face of host-cell defences and the immune system. This review describes what is known about the diversity of HCV, the current classification of HCV genotypes within the family Flaviviridae and how this genetic diversity contributes to its pathogenesis. On one hand, diversification of HCV has been constrained by its intimate adaptation to its host. Despite the >30 % nucleotide sequence divergence between genotypes, HCV variants nevertheless remain remarkably similar in their transmission dynamics, persistence and disease development. Nowhere is this more evident than in the evolutionary conservation of numerous evasion methods to counteract the cell's innate antiviral defence pathways; this series of highly complex virus–host interactions may represent key components in establishing its ‘ecological niche’ in the human liver. On the other hand, the mutability and large population size of HCV enables it to respond very rapidly to new selection pressures, manifested by immune-driven changes in T- and B-cell epitopes that are encountered on transmission between individuals with different antigen-recognition repertoires. If human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is a precedent, future therapies that target virus protease or polymerase enzymes may also select very rapidly for antiviral-resistant mutants. These contrasting aspects of conservatism and adaptability provide a fascinating paradigm in which to explore the complex selection pressures that underlie the evolution of HCV and other persistent viruses.

scholarly journals Collagen proline hydroxylase activity and 35S sulphate uptake in human liver biopsies

Gut ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. OD. McGee ◽  
R. S. Patrick ◽  
M. C. Rodger ◽  
C. M. Luty
Keyword(s):  
Human Liver ◽  
Hydroxylase Activity ◽  
Sulphate Uptake ◽  
Human Liver Biopsies ◽  
Liver Biopsies ◽  
Proline Hydroxylase

scholarly journals Production and release of infectious hepatitis C virus from human liver cell cultures in the three-dimensional radial-flow bioreactor

Virology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 314 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki Aizaki ◽  
Seishi Nagamori ◽  
Mami Matsuda ◽  
Hayato Kawakami ◽  
Osamu Hashimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Liver Cell ◽  
Human Liver ◽  
Radial Flow ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Infectious Hepatitis ◽  
Human Liver Cell ◽  
Radial Flow Bioreactor

Proteomic profiling of proteins decreased in hepatocellular carcinoma from patients infected with hepatitis C virus

PROTEOMICS ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 2111-2116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichiro Yokoyama ◽  
Yasuhiro Kuramitsu ◽  
Motonari Takashima ◽  
Norio Iizuka ◽  
Toshifusa Toda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Proteomic Profiling

scholarly journals Detection and Localization by In Situ Molecular Biology Techniques and Immunohistochemistry of Hepatitis C Virus in Livers of Chronically Infected Patients

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 653-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francine M. Walker ◽  
Marie-Christine Dazza ◽  
Marie-Christine Dauge ◽  
Olivier Boucher ◽  
Christophe Bedel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Interferon Α ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Bile Ductule ◽  
Liver Biopsies ◽  
Cytoplasmic Signals ◽  
Detection And Localization

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) detection in the livers of chronically infected patients remains a debatable issue. We used immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization (ISH) alone or after microwave heating with FITC-labeled probes, RT-PCR with unlabeled primers followed by ISH (RT-PCR-ISH), and in situ RT-PCR with FITC-labeled primers (in situ RT-PCRd) to localize the virus in 38 liver biopsy specimens from 21 chronically infected HCV patients treated with interferon-α (IFN-α). Biopsies were taken at the beginning and end of IFN-α treatment and 1 year later. Results were compared with that of HCV-PCR in serum. RT-PCR-ISH and in situ RT-PCRd showed HCV signal in all liver biopsies even in responders with seronegative HCV PCR. This signal was intranuclear, diffuse, or peripheral, in hepatocytes, bile ductule cells, and lymphocytes. Cytoplasmic signals were occasionally observed. Whereas the percentage of labeled hepatocytes remained constant, the number of labeled lymphoid follicles decreased after INF-α therapy. Immunohistochemistry resulted in the same pattern of positivity but it was weaker and inconstant. This study indicates the persistency of HCV latency in IFN-α responders 1 year after IFN-α treatment cessation, a finding that certainly deserves confirmation.

scholarly journals Role of Hepatitis C virus core protein in viral-induced mitochondrial dysfunction

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 784-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Wang ◽  
R. V. Campbell ◽  
M. K. Yi ◽  
S. M. Lemon ◽  
S. A. Weinman
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Core Protein ◽  
Virus Core

scholarly journals CD81 Is Required for Hepatitis C Virus Glycoprotein-Mediated Viral Infection

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 1448-1455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Glenn Randall ◽  
Adrian Higginbottom ◽  
Peter Monk ◽  
Charles M. Rice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Viral Entry ◽  
Human Liver ◽  
Cell Entry ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Small Interfering Rnas ◽  
Efficient Cell Culture System ◽  
Human Liver Cell

ABSTRACT CD81 has been described as a putative receptor for hepatitis C virus (HCV); however, its role in HCV cell entry has not been characterized due to the lack of an efficient cell culture system. We have examined the role of CD81 in HCV glycoprotein-dependent entry by using a recently developed retroviral pseudotyping system. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pseudotypes bearing HCV E1E2 glycoproteins show a restricted tropism for human liver cell lines. Although all of the permissive cell lines express CD81, CD81 expression alone is not sufficient to allow viral entry. CD81 is required for HIV-HCV pseudotype infection since (i) a monoclonal antibody specific for CD81 inhibited infection of susceptible target cells and (ii) silencing of CD81 expression in Huh-7.5 hepatoma cells by small interfering RNAs inhibited HIV-HCV pseudotype infection. Furthermore, expression of CD81 in human liver cells that were previously resistant to infection, HepG2 and HH29, conferred permissivity of HCV pseudotype infection. The characterization of chimeric CD9/CD81 molecules confirmed that the large extracellular loop of CD81 is a determinant for viral entry. These data suggest a functional role for CD81 as a coreceptor for HCV glycoprotein-dependent viral cell entry.

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