Male cell microchimerism in normal and diseased female livers from fetal life to adulthood

Hepatology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Guettier ◽  
Mylène Sebagh ◽  
Jérôme Buard ◽  
Danielle Feneux ◽  
Monique Ortin-Serrano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Life ◽  
Male Cell

Ultrastructure and Drug Metabolism in the Developing Guinea Pig

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 538-539
Author(s):  
W. Kuenzig ◽  
M. Boublik ◽  
J.J. Kamm ◽  
J.J. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Adult Animal ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Mixed Function Oxidase ◽  
Cytochrome P 450 ◽  
Microsomal Mixed Function Oxidase ◽  
Mixed Function Oxidase Activity

Unlike a variety of other animal species, such as the rabbit, mouse or rat, the guinea pig has a relatively long gestation period and is a more fully developed animal at birth. Kuenzig et al. reported that drug metabolic activity which increases very slowly during fetal life, increases rapidly after birth. Hepatocytes of a 3-day old neonate metabolize drugs and reduce cytochrome P-450 at a rate comparable to that observed in the adult animal. Moreover the administration of drugs like phenobarbital to pregnant guinea pigs increases the microsomal mixed function oxidase activity already in the fetus.Drug metabolic activity is, generally, localized within the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) of the hepatocyte.

Sleep evolution from fetal life to adulthood: respiratory and neurologic aspects

1998 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 357-64
Author(s):  
Simone Canani ◽  
Fernando Abreu e Silva
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Life

What do new neuroscience discoveries in children mean for their open future?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl D. Lew
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Moral Agency ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Open Future ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Pediatric Ethics ◽  
Pediatric Decision Making ◽  
New Research ◽  
Pediatric Healthcare

Over the last decade, the number of neuroimaging and other neuroscience studies on the developing brain from fetal life through adolescence has increased exponentially. Children are viewed as particularly vulnerable members of our society and observations of significant neural structural changes associated with behavioral anomalies raise numerous ethical concerns around personal identity, free will, and the possibility of an open future. This chapter provides a review of recent research in the pediatric neuroscience literature, common pediatric decision-making, and social justice models, and discusses the implications of this research for the future of pediatric ethics thinking and policy. New research presents challenges to professional and pediatric bioethicist views of the moral future of children in pediatric healthcare and opportunities to examine anew notions of how to consider the developing moral agency of children.

scholarly journals The Role of Fetal, Infant, and Childhood Nutrition in the Timing of Sexual Maturation

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 419
Author(s):  
Valeria Calcaterra ◽  
Hellas Cena ◽  
Corrado Regalbuto ◽  
Federica Vinci ◽  
Debora Porri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Prenatal Growth ◽  
Adaptation Response ◽  
Healthy Growth

Puberty is a crucial developmental stage in the life span, necessary to achieve reproductive and somatic maturity. Timing of puberty is modulated by and responds to central neurotransmitters, hormones, and environmental factors leading to hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis maturation. The connection between hormones and nutrition during critical periods of growth, like fetal life or infancy, is fundamental for metabolic adaptation response and pubertal development control and prediction. Since birth weight is an important indicator of growth estimation during fetal life, restricted prenatal growth, such as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and small for gestational age (SGA), may impact endocrine system, affecting pubertal development. Successively, lactation along with early life optimal nutrition during infancy and childhood may be important in order to set up timing of sexual maturation and provide successful reproduction at a later time. Sexual maturation and healthy growth are also influenced by nutrition requirements and diet composition. Early nutritional surveillance and monitoring of pubertal development is recommended in all children, particularly in those at risk, such as the ones born SGA and/or IUGR, as well as in the case of sudden weight gain during infancy. Adequate macro and micronutrient intake is essential for healthy growth and sexual maturity.

scholarly journals When a Neonate Is Born, So Is a Microbiota

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Alessandra Coscia ◽  
Flaminia Bardanzellu ◽  
Elisa Caboni ◽  
Vassilios Fanos ◽  
Diego Giampietro Peroni
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Delivery Mode ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Assisted Reproduction Techniques ◽  
Neonatal Nutrition ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

In recent years, the role of human microbiota as a short- and long-term health promoter and modulator has been affirmed and progressively strengthened. In the course of one’s life, each subject is colonized by a great number of bacteria, which constitute its specific and individual microbiota. Human bacterial colonization starts during fetal life, in opposition to the previous paradigm of the “sterile womb”. Placenta, amniotic fluid, cord blood and fetal tissues each have their own specific microbiota, influenced by maternal health and habits and having a decisive influence on pregnancy outcome and offspring outcome. The maternal microbiota, especially that colonizing the genital system, starts to influence the outcome of pregnancy already before conception, modulating fertility and the success rate of fertilization, even in the case of assisted reproduction techniques. During the perinatal period, neonatal microbiota seems influenced by delivery mode, drug administration and many other conditions. Special attention must be reserved for early neonatal nutrition, because breastfeeding allows the transmission of a specific and unique lactobiome able to modulate and positively affect the neonatal gut microbiota. Our narrative review aims to investigate the currently identified pre- and peri-natal factors influencing neonatal microbiota, before conception, during pregnancy, pre- and post-delivery, since the early microbiota influences the whole life of each subject.

Exposure to Chinese Famine in the Early Life, Adulthood Obesity Patterns, and the Incidence of Hypertension: A 22-Year Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Jibin Jin ◽  
Yue Peng ◽  
Yongjie Chen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Late Childhood ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
General Obesity ◽  
Antihypertensive Medications ◽  
Childhood Exposure ◽  
Famine Exposure ◽  
Obesity Hypertension

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Little is known regarding the joint associations of famine exposure and obesity patterns with the incidence of hypertension. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We defined famine exposure cohorts as follows: nonexposure (born between 1962 and 1965), fetal life exposure (born between 1959 and 1961), early childhood exposure (born between 1956 and 1958), midchildhood exposure (born between 1953 and 1955), and late childhood exposure (born between 1949 and 1952). Obesity patterns were defined as follows: G−/A−: subjects without neither general obesity nor abdominal obesity; G+/A− or G−/A+: subjects with either general obesity or abdominal obesity; G+/A+: subjects with both general obesity and abdominal obesity. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg or current treatment with antihypertensive medications. <b><i>Results:</i></b> There were 5,235 individuals participating in this study. In the subjects with general or abdominal obesity, famine exposure was associated with a lower risk of hypertension. In males with G−/A−, famine exposures in the midchildhood (<i>p</i> = 0.048; HR: 0.700; HR 95% CI: 0.491–0.998) and late childhood (<i>p</i> = 0.002; HR: 0.560; HR 95% CI: 0.374–0.840) were associated with a lower incidence of hypertension. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The coexistence of famine exposure and obesity patterns was associated with the incidence of hypertension.

scholarly journals Genetics and Epigenetics of One-Carbon Metabolism Pathway in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Sex-Specific Brain Epigenome?

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 782
Author(s):  
Veronica Tisato ◽  
Juliana A. Silva ◽  
Giovanna Longo ◽  
Ines Gallo ◽  
Ajay V. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Mthfr Gene ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Clinical Phenotypes ◽  
One Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Causes And Risk Factors ◽  
Individual Disease

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition affecting behavior and communication, presenting with extremely different clinical phenotypes and features. ASD etiology is composite and multifaceted with several causes and risk factors responsible for different individual disease pathophysiological processes and clinical phenotypes. From a genetic and epigenetic side, several candidate genes have been reported as potentially linked to ASD, which can be detected in about 10–25% of patients. Folate gene polymorphisms have been previously associated with other psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases, mainly focused on gene variants in the DHFR gene (5q14.1; rs70991108, 19bp ins/del), MTHFR gene (1p36.22; rs1801133, C677T and rs1801131, A1298C), and CBS gene (21q22.3; rs876657421, 844ins68). Of note, their roles have been scarcely investigated from a sex/gender viewpoint, though ASD is characterized by a strong sex gap in onset-risk and progression. The aim of the present review is to point out the molecular mechanisms related to intracellular folate recycling affecting in turn remethylation and transsulfuration pathways having potential effects on ASD. Brain epigenome during fetal life necessarily reflects the sex-dependent different imprint of the genome-environment interactions which effects are difficult to decrypt. We here will focus on the DHFR, MTHFR and CBS gene-triad by dissecting their roles in a sex-oriented view, primarily to bring new perspectives in ASD epigenetics.

scholarly journals In Utero Exposure to Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Leads to Postnatal Catch-Up Growth and Dysmetabolism in the Adult Rat Liver

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7502
Author(s):  
Shelby L. Oke ◽  
Kendrick Lee ◽  
Rosemary Papp ◽  
Steven R. Laviolette ◽  
Daniel B. Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Hepatic Function ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
By Catch

The rates of gestational cannabis use have increased despite limited evidence for its safety in fetal life. Recent animal studies demonstrate that prenatal exposure to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC, the psychoactive component of cannabis) promotes intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), culminating in postnatal metabolic deficits. Given IUGR is associated with impaired hepatic function, we hypothesized that Δ9-THC offspring would exhibit hepatic dyslipidemia. Pregnant Wistar rat dams received daily injections of vehicular control or 3 mg/kg Δ9-THC i.p. from embryonic day (E) 6.5 through E22. Exposure to Δ9-THC decreased the liver to body weight ratio at birth, followed by catch-up growth by three weeks of age. At six months, Δ9-THC-exposed male offspring exhibited increased visceral adiposity and higher hepatic triglycerides. This was instigated by augmented expression of enzymes involved in triglyceride synthesis (ACCα, SCD, FABP1, and DGAT2) at three weeks. Furthermore, the expression of hepatic DGAT1/DGAT2 was sustained at six months, concomitant with mitochondrial dysfunction (i.e., elevated p66shc) and oxidative stress. Interestingly, decreases in miR-203a-3p and miR-29a/b/c, both implicated in dyslipidemia, were also observed in these Δ9-THC-exposed offspring. Collectively, these findings indicate that prenatal Δ9-THC exposure results in long-term dyslipidemia associated with enhanced hepatic lipogenesis. This is attributed by mitochondrial dysfunction and epigenetic mechanisms.

Craniopharyngioma arising de novo in middle age

1997 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 1046-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc S. Arginteanu ◽  
Karin Hague ◽  
Robert Zimmerman ◽  
Mark J. Kupersmith ◽  
John H. Shaiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Image ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Steady Growth ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sixth Decade ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The authors report the case of a 55-year-old woman who developed a symptomatic craniopharyngioma within 2 years of obtaining a normal magnetic resonance image of her brain. Craniopharyngiomas are histologically benign tumors. They are thought to arise from embryonic remnants of Rathke's pouch and sac and to manifest themselves clinically after a steady growth that commences in fetal life. To the authors' knowlege, this is the first report that documents a tumor arising de novo in the sixth decade of life. This report appears to challenge the concept of the origin and natural history of craniopharyngiomas.

First trimester tricuspid regurgitation and fetal abnormalities

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Wiechec ◽  
Agnieszka Nocun ◽  
Ewa Wiercinska ◽  
Jill Beithon ◽  
Anna Knafel
Keyword(s):  
Tricuspid Regurgitation ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Positive Group ◽  
Congenital Cardiac Defects ◽  
Chromosomal Status

AbstractTricuspid regurgitation (TR) is a common sonographic finding during the fetal life. It has been reported in 7% of normal fetuses. It may be associated with aneuploidy and with both cardiac and extracardiac defects.In this study, we have looked at the characteristics of fetuses with and without TR at 11The study group included women, who underwent an ultrasound examination at 11–13Some 1075 patients met our inclusion criteria including 979 fetuses without TR and 96 with TR. There were 72 cases of aneuploidy diagnosed (6.7%). Isolated TR was found in 53 euploid fetuses (5.2%). All of the TR(+) aneuploid fetuses (n=40) had additional ultrasound markers present. Extracardiac anatomy showed a higher prevalence of abnormalities in the group of TR positives (12.5%) vs. TR negatives (1.6%). Abnormal cardiac findings were more frequent in the TR-positive group independently of chromosomal status and were found in 18.8% of fetuses with TR and in 1.9% with a normal tricuspid flow.TR in combination with other markers is the strongest predictor for aneuploidy. TR, as an isolated parameter, is a poor screening tool both for all and for each individual chromosomal abnormality and congenital cardiac defects.

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