Innervation of the human posterior cricoarytenoid muscle by the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve

Head & Neck ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 2200-2207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Uludag ◽  
Nurcihan Aygun ◽  
Kinyas Kartal ◽  
Evren Besler ◽  
Adnan Isgor
Keyword(s):  
Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
External Branch ◽  
Posterior Cricoarytenoid Muscle ◽  
Posterior Cricoarytenoid

Arrangement and number of intralaryngeal ganglia and ganglionic neurons: comparative study of five species of mammals

1995 ◽  
Vol 109 (7) ◽  
pp. 622-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takatsugu Shimazaki ◽  
Yoshikazu Yoshida ◽  
Minoru Hirano
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inferior Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Internal Branch ◽  
Posterior Cricoarytenoid Muscle ◽  
Round Nucleus ◽  
Posterior Cricoarytenoid

AbstractThe arrangement and number of intralaryngeal ganglia and their neurons in five mammals (dog, rat, guinea pig, rabbit and cat) were examined morphologically. Intralaryngeal ganglions were situated mainly in branches of the internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve (Int-SLN), dorsal and/or dorsolateral to the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle, and around the inferior laryngeal nerve in dogs, rats, guinea pigs and cats, but they were identified at the branching out point ofthe Int-SLN exclusively in rabbits. The ganglion of each animal was spindle-shaped, with a surrounding fibrous capsule, and it contained many ganglionic neurons, vessels and connective tissue cells. The ganglionic neuron was oval-shaped and had a round nucleus: the diameter was smaller (20–25 μm) in the rat than in the other mammals (25–30 μm). More than 80 percent of ganglionic neurons occurred in the supraglottis of all the animals except the rat. In the rat, this value was approximately 40 percent.

Effects of Cricothyroid Muscle Contraction on Laryngeal Resistance and Glottic Area

1989 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayle E. Woodson ◽  
Oommen Mathew ◽  
Franca Sant'Ambrogio ◽  
Giuseppe Sant'Ambrogio
Keyword(s):  
Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Airway Occlusion ◽  
Cricothyroid Muscle ◽  
External Branch ◽  
Inspiratory Resistance ◽  
Posterior Cricoarytenoid ◽  
Laryngeal Resistance ◽  
Very High

To determine the functional significance of the cricothyroid muscle (CT) in respiration, laryngeal resistance was measured in anesthetized dogs, along with electromyographic activity of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (PCA) and CT. In two dogs the larynx was videotaped simultaneously via a telescope. Increased CT activity was induced by airway occlusion or hypercapnia. Observations were carried out before and during cold blockade of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) or the nerve to the CT (external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve [Ext SLN]). Paralysis of the CT had no effect on laryngeal resistance or glottic area, even at very high levels of CT activity. Blockade of the RLN increased inspiratory resistance, but did not have a significant effect on expiratory resistance. Electrical stimulation of the Ext SLN produced tetanic CT contraction, which increased laryngeal resistance in both inspiration and expiration. This was true even at very high levels of PCA activity. These results indicate that although artificially induced CT contraction markedly affects laryngeal resistance, physiologic levels of respiratory activity do not have a significant effect.

scholarly journals Terminal Branch of Recurrent Human Laryngeal Nerve

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréa Aparecida Ferreira Pascoal ◽  
Juliana Ruiz Fernandes ◽  
Cristiane Regina Ruiz ◽  
Osmar Clayton Person ◽  
Sergio Ricardo Rios Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Cricoid Cartilage ◽  
Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Terminal Branch ◽  
Lower Margin ◽  
Internal Branch ◽  
Posterior Cricoarytenoid Muscle ◽  
Posterior Cricoarytenoid

The importance of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in surgery on the anterior region of the neck has motivated many published papers on critical points of its pathway, relationship with the inferior thyroid artery, penetration in the larynx, division outside the larynx, and branches communicating with the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. We analyze the terminal branches of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and their distribution through the laryngeal muscles. 44 laryngeal nerves had been dissected. Most frequently, the recurrent laryngeal nerve presents a division below or at the level of the lower margin of the cricoid cartilage (outside the larynx). One of these branches forms the communication with the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve, and the other penetrates the laryngeal space. Above the lower margin of the cricoid cartilage, the inferior laryngeal nerve issues a variable number of branches to muscles (3 to 7): to the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle; to the oblique and transversal arytenoid muscles; and to the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle and the thyroarytenoid muscle.

Newer Technique of Laryngeal Reinnervation: Superior Laryngeal Nerve (Motor Branch) as a Driver of the Posterior Cricoarytenoid Muscle

1989 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
pp. 907-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Maniglia ◽  
Brian Dodds ◽  
M. B. Katirji ◽  
Kelly Sorensen ◽  
Mary L. Rosenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Cord ◽  
Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Anastomosis Group ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Motor Branch ◽  
Vocal Cord Mobility ◽  
Nerve Anastomosis ◽  
Direct Nerve ◽  
Posterior Cricoarytenoid ◽  
The Right

This report analyzes the experience gained using two different techniques to reinnervate the paralyzed vocal cord. In the neurotization group, the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) motor branch–cricothyroid muscle pedicle was used to reinnervate the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle. In the direct nerve anastomosis group, the SLN was anastomosed to the abductor branch of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN), and the ansa hypoglossi (AH) to the adductor branch of the RLN. A third group of animals (control) had the right RLN sectioned without any anastomosis. About 5 to 6 months postoperatively the animals were killed painlessly and evaluated. The neurotization group revealed vocal fold mobilization on the right side to have an average of about half of the mobility of the left, normal side. After the RLN and SLN on the left were severed as well as the AH bilaterally, the vocal cord mobility was reduced to about one fourth. The direct nerve anastomosis group showed about fourfold less vocal cord mobility than the neurotization group. After the SLN, RLN, and AH were severed bilaterally, the control group showed no vocal cord mobility. The neurotization technique has been selected for further experimentation in human adults.

Electrophysiologic identification and monitoring of the external branch of superior laryngeal nerve during thyroidectomy

2014 ◽  
Vol 219 (4) ◽  
pp. e85-e86
Author(s):  
Salah Eldin Mohamed ◽  
Mohammed H. Alshehri ◽  
Rizwan Aslam ◽  
Zaid Al-Qurayshi ◽  
Emad Kandil
Keyword(s):  
Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
External Branch
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