scholarly journals Secondary school fees and the causal effect of schooling on health behavior

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 994-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Reinhold ◽  
Hendrik Jürges
Keyword(s):  
Health Behavior ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Causal Effect

scholarly journals EnCLASS: an innovative project merging 2 international surveys (HBSC/ESPAD) among French students

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Godeau ◽  
V Ehlinger ◽  
S Spilka
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
High School ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Adolescent Health ◽  
International Level ◽  
School Students ◽  
Health Promotion In Schools

Abstract Problem For two decades, France has taken part in two “competing” school-based, cross-national surveys exploring the health behaviors and well-being of adolescent (Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey, 11-13-15 year-olds) and their substance use (European School Project on Alcohol and other Drugs (ESPAD), 15-16 year-olds). Description of problem Since 2010, French data is provided at national level by grade rather than age. This allowed providing a continuous observation of health behaviors among adolescents, looking at the temporal spread of substance use and providing a better understanding of the role of school as a setting for adolescents’ health. But the difficulty of participating every 4 years in two big surveys remained. Effects of changes In 2018, France decided to conduct the 2 surveys in a unified and simultaneous way across middle- and high-school. This project is called ’National Survey in Middle- and High-school for Adolescents on Health and Substances’, EnCLASS, explicit acronym easy to pronounce and remember in French. If the main objective of “merging” these surveys is to improve the monitoring of health behaviours and substance use throughout adolescence, it also allows a significant gain regarding preparation, coordination and organization of the fieldwork, hence of overall costs, while ensuring perfect comparability of data at international level. Evolution of data visualization on substance use will be used to illustrate the challenges and improvements of such a process, based on data collected in 2018 among more than 20,000 representative secondary-school students. Lessons In addition to a greater facility of interpreting and reading findings, presenting data throughout secondary school grades improves its impact and use in a public health perspective and allowing identifying operational targets for prevention and health promotion in schools, as classes are their main settings. Key messages EnCLASS is unique in Europe, it ensures an excellent comparability of data at international level while providing an innovative national monitoring of adolescent health behavior, including drug use. Further, by its improved quality, perspective and relevance, EnCLASS can contribute to Public health policies analysis regarding school-students in France in a less expensive and better way.

Children of the Post-Communist Transition: Age at the Time of the Parents' Job Loss and Dropping Out of Secondary School

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabor Kertesi ◽  
Gabor Kezdi
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Job Loss ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Dropping Out ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Employed Parents

Abstract Using data on children whose parents lost their jobs during the post-communist transition of Hungary, we address the causal effect of unexpected long-term unemployment of parents on their children's educational achievement. We estimate the effect of the children's age at the time of their parents' job loss on their probability of dropping out of secondary school (an event that follows the parents' job loss by many years). The treatment is an additional year reared in a family with regularly employed parents, which can be interpreted as additional human capital investment. We provide bounding estimates to the causal effect. The estimated bounds are tight, they show a substantial effect, and the effect is significantly stronger for preschool age children than for older ones.

scholarly journals Hartz IV and educational attainment: Investigating the causal effect of social benefit reform on intergenerational inequalities in Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nhat An Trinh
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Hartz Iv ◽  
Academic Track ◽  
Welfare Institutions ◽  
Household Incomes

This study examines how far radical and still contested changes to Germany’s unemployment and social benefit system in 2005 affected the intergenerational transmission of disadvantage for children of benefit recipients. Using difference-in-differences estimation and data from the Socio-Economic Panel, I examine whether inequalities in secondary school track attainment increased after the implementation of the so-called ‘Hartz IV’ reform. The findings suggest that children whose parents receive the newly created scheme ALGII instead of Arbeitslosenhilfe for unemployment assistance experienced a significant and considerable drop in their chances to attend the academic track. Changes in parents’ socio-demographic characteristics due to stricter eligibility criteria and lower household incomes as a result of lower benefit levels account for half of the observed decline. By contrast, reductions in parental life satisfaction due to increased benefit conditionality and stigma are unlikely to mediate the reform’s documented effects. Focussing on an important outcome in Germany’s highly stratified educational system, the study is hence the first to provide evidence on the intergenerational effects of Hartz IV, shedding light on the role of social security and welfare institutions in the transmission of inequalities from parents to their children.

scholarly journals Do Grants Improve the Outcomes of University Students in a Context with High Dropout Rates? Evidence from a Matching Approach.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Facchini ◽  
Moris Triventi ◽  
Loris Vergolini
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Educational Opportunities ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Dropout Rates ◽  
Upper Secondary ◽  
Prolonged Duration ◽  
Matching Procedure ◽  
Counterfactual Approach

We investigate whether grants improve the academic outcomes of students from socioeconomicallydisadvantaged families and, by this way, contribute to reducing inequalitiesof educational opportunities. Differently from most previous studies, we focus on Italy, acontext with high dropout rates and prolonged duration of higher education studies. Toestimate the causal effect of the grant we followed a counterfactual approach relying ona three-step reweighting matching procedure, applied to survey data collected at nationallevel by ISTAT on a sample of upper secondary school graduates in 2004 and 2007. We?find that grants reduce drop-out and increase timely graduation, with larger effects amongmales and students in Central-Southern Italy, those who are more at risk of withdrawalfrom university.

scholarly journals Impact of Free/Subsidized Secondary School Education on the Likelihood of Teenage Motherhood

Demography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Muchiri
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Formal Schooling ◽  
Teenage Motherhood

Abstract Several countries in sub-Saharan Africa, including Kenya, have introduced free/subsidized secondary education. This paper examines the role of these free/subsidized education policies on teenage motherhood. To identify the causal effect, I exploit the timing of a national reform in Kenya that eliminated/subsidized secondary school fees using a difference-in-difference estimation design. Using the 2014 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), I estimate that the likelihood of teenage motherhood decreased by approximately 5 percentage points after the policy's implementation. This study reiterates that the teenage period is crucial in terms of developing human capital through formal schooling. In most developing countries, parents often determine and fund human capital, which makes household wealth/income a critical factor in human capital accumulation and its intergenerational process. I also highlight positive externalities from educational-centered policies, such as long-term economic growth, poverty reduction, and reduction of social welfare dependency.

scholarly journals The Role of Parental Education in the Dental Health Behavior of Turkish Secondary School Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
Fatih Karaaslan ◽  
Ahu Dikilitaş ◽  
Tuba Yiğit ◽  
Şerife Esra Kurt
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Oral Health Behavior ◽  
Parents Education

SummaryBackground/Aim: Parents are usually the major factor influencing children’s development of routine oral health behavior. A higher education level of the parents is generally associated with having a more positive influence on their children’s health habits and motivation to maintain healthy dentition. From this perspective, the aim of the present study was to investigate the frequency of certain habits influencing dental health, such as toothbrushing, regular visits to the dentist, and changing toothbrushes, in a group of Turkish secondary school children, and to explore its relation to the education level of their mothers and fathers.Material and Methods: The study consisted of the use of a questionnaire designed to collect demographic information, oral health behavior of the children, and the parents’ education level. Demographic characteristics and oral health behavior of the children were asked of the children in a face-to-face interview by one investigator. Only the parents’ education level was asked of the children’s parents.Results: The mean age of the 444 children was 11.66 ± 0.98. According to chi-square testing applied, there was a statistically significant correlation between the parents’ education level and their children’s dental visit frequency (p< 0.05), whereas there was no statistically significant link between the parents’ education level and the frequency of the children’s toothbrushing and replacing their toothbrushes (p> 0.05).Conclusions: Irrespective of the education level of their parents, positive oral health attitudes and behavior were not observed in Turkish secondary school children.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Health Problems Related to Health Behavior among the Secondary School Children in Rural Community of Dhamrai Upazila, Dhaka

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
MM Rahman ◽  
A Rahman ◽  
TT Sajoni ◽  
SB Kabir ◽  
J Nahar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Behavior ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Boiled Water

In Bangladesh, there are 18,756 secondary schools in which 17.91 million students are enrolled. School children are more vulnerable to be attacked by various types of communicable diseases due to poor health behaviors. The aim of this study was to find out knowledge and health problems related to health behavior among the secondary school children. This descriptive cross sectional study was carried among 795 secondary school children by purposive sampling from 22nd to 24th January 2014 in different school s of Dhamrai Upazila, Dhaka. Data were collected on a pretested questionnaire by face to face interview. Data were analyzed manually and by using computer. The study revealed that majority of the respondents were Muslims by religion, 45% had education level Class VII and mean age was 13±1.7 years. Most of them 45% & 40% students father's and Mothers education level respectively was HSC and above. About 50% students father's occupation were service and 33% were businessman. Mostly about 79% students mother's were housewife. Among all about 71% students were found having 2-3 brothers and sisters respectively. About 20%, 9% and 7% respondents don't agree on drinking clean boiled water, avoidance of smoking and care of nails as a healthy behavior. 25%, 13% and 11% respondents don't practice drinking clean boiled, regular brushing of teeth and care of nails. About 95%, 74% and 67% learned on health behavior from family teachers and text books respectively. About 19%, 14% and 10% students were suffering from common cold, unhealthy hair and itching respectively. Knowledge regarding health behavior among the secondary school children was found still worse. The study recommends more effective implantation of awareness program to improve knowledge regarding health behavior. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/akmmcj.v5i2.21127 Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 5, No. 2: July 2014, Pages 18-22

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