scholarly journals Tobit at fifty: a brief history of Tobin's remarkable estimator, of related empirical methods, and of limited dependent variable econometrics in health economics

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 619-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kohei Enami ◽  
John Mullahy
Keyword(s):  
Health Economics ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
Limited Dependent Variable ◽  
History Of

Zwischen Naturgeschichte, Statistik und Gesellschaftsroman. Soziographische Wissensordnungen im Kontext einer europäischen Publizistik im 19. Jahrhundert

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-162
Author(s):  
Christiane Schwab
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Social World ◽  
Social Knowledge ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
Scientific Terminology ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Periodical Publishing

During the first half of the nineteenth century, the rise of market-oriented periodical publishing correlated with an increasing desire to inspect the modernizing societies. The journalistic pursuit of examining the social world is in a unique way reflected in countless periodical contributions that, especially from the 1830s onwards, depicted social types and behaviours, new professions and technologies, institutions, and cultural routines. By analysing how these “sociographic sketches” proceeded to document and to interpret the manifold manifestations of the social world, this article discusses the interrelationships between epistemic and political shifts, new forms of medialization and the systematization of social research. It thereby focuses on three main areas: the creative appropriation of narratives and motifs of moralistic essayism, the uses of description and contextualization as modes of knowledge, and the adaptation of empirical methods and a scientific terminology. To consider nineteenth-century sociographic journalism as a format between entertainment, art, and science provokes us to narrate intermedial, transnational and interdisciplinary tales of the history of social knowledge production.

Efficacy and Safety of Secondary Prophylactic Versus On-Demand Sucrose-Formulated Recombinant Factor VIII Treatment in Adults with Severe Hemophilia A: Results from a 13-Month Crossover Study

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 516-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Collins ◽  
Albert Faradji ◽  
Massimo Morfini ◽  
Monika Maas Enriquez ◽  
Eduard Gorina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Economics ◽  
Factor Viii ◽  
Crossover Study ◽  
Hemophilia A ◽  
Recombinant Factor Viii ◽  
Severe Hemophilia ◽  
Joint Function ◽  
On Demand ◽  
History Of ◽  
Male Patients

Abstract Many of the physical, psychosocial, and financial difficulties associated with severe hemophilia can be attributed to the effects of recurrent joint bleeds and chronic arthropathy. Regimens for clotting factor replacement treatment for hemophilia include prophylactic and on-demand therapy. A study in pediatric male patients with severe hemophilia A showed that prophylactic treatment with sucrose-formulated recombinant factor VIII (rFVIII-FS) resulted in prevention of joint damage and a decrease in the frequency of joint and other bleeds compared with on-demand therapy (Manco-Johnson MJ, et al. N Engl J Med.2007;357:535). A clinical trial was conducted in adult patients with severe hemophilia A and history of frequent bleeding to evaluate the effect of secondary rFVIII-FS prophylaxis on the number of joint bleeds after switching from on-demand rFVIII-FS therapy. Secondary study objectives were to compare these treatment strategies with regard to joint function, number of all bleeds, health-related quality of life, health economics, and safety. Male patients who were aged 30–45 years, had a negative inhibitor status, had a history of FVIII treatment (>100 exposure days), and were using on-demand FVIII treatment before the study were eligible to participate in this prospective 13-month crossover study. During the first 6 months, all patients received on-demand rFVIII-FS treatment. Patients were then switched to prophylactic rFVIII-FS treatment (20–40 IU/kg 3 times per wk at a stable dose as determined by investigators based on the patient’s bleeding history) for the remaining 7 months, with the first month constituting a washout/stabilization run-in period. Patients were monitored throughout the 13 months for bleeds and health-economics parameters and were evaluated by the Gilbert score (joint function) and the Haemo-QoL questionnaire at baseline and at the end of the on-demand (at 6 mo) and prophylactic (at 13 mo) treatment periods. A total of 20 patients from 9 international sites participated in the study. Patients received a mean dose of 31 IU/kg/wk during the on-demand period, which increased to 86 IU/kg/wk during the prophylaxis period. Although 16/20 patients already had 1 to 4 target joints, mean (±SD) numbers of joint and total bleeds per patient significantly decreased during the prophylaxis period (1.5±2.1 and 1.9±3.3, respectively) compared with the on-demand period (18.5±11.6 and 23.7±13.3; P<0.001 for both). Mean (±SD) total Gilbert scores indicated better joint function at the end of prophylaxis (19.8±11.7) vs on-demand (25.3±11.7; P<0.001) treatment. During this short observation period, there was no statistically significant difference between treatments in the pharmacoeconomic variables assessed (days off work, general practitioner visits, and hospitalization days) or in the mean total Haemo-QoL score, although patients reported significantly fewer restrictions at work or school by the end of the prophylaxis period compared with the end of the on-demand period (P=0.016). There was a trend toward improved patient activity levels with prophylaxis. Similar numbers of patients reported adverse events (AEs) during on-demand (n=9, 45.0%) and prophylactic (n=10, 52.6%) treatment; AEs occurring in 2 patients (dysgeusia and headache) were considered treatment related. Serious AEs were reported by 1 patient during each treatment; neither serious AE was related to treatment. No de novo inhibitor development was observed during either treatment. In summary, prophylaxis with rFVIII-FS was well tolerated and reduced the frequency of joint and other bleeds compared with on-demand treatment in previously treated adults with severe hemophilia A and target joints.

THE RELATIVE PLACE OF EMPIRICAL AND ANALYTIC METHODS OF GEOPHYSICAL INTERPRETATION

Geophysics ◽  
1942 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
Ore Deposit ◽  
Border Line ◽  
Analytic Methods ◽  
Magnetic Methods ◽  
Geophysical Interpretation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference

The pioneer in geophysics has, in most cases, used empirical methods on his first jobs in the field. Frequently, such an initial campaign has been successful in that valuable evidence has been obtained as to the position of a new ore‐deposit. Thereupon the method has received recognition so that additional parties have gone into field work; also, analytic methods have then been applied to show why the particular method succeeded in some cases and now far it would be likely to succeed in border‐line problems. After a discussion of the difference between empirical and analytic procedure, the author reviews the history of one geophysical project—the search for iron ore in the Lake Superior region by magnetic methods—describing the empirical efforts and the subsequent analysis. He then suggests that failures on certain other jobs might be less if the analysis be made earlier, and that there will be an economy, if this analysis be made before field work begins.

scholarly journals Evolution of the formation of distance learning in Ukraine and the modern world

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-362
Author(s):  
Halyna Ponomarova ◽  
Alla Kharkivska
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
Distance Learning ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Specialized Subject

The object of the research is the history of development and the didactic foundations of distance education. To implement the research, a complex of theoretical and empirical methods was used: theoretical analysis of pedagogical, psychological, methodological and specialized (subject) literature on the problem under study. In the course of the research, the following results were obtained: the world experience in the development of distance learning was studied; clarified and concretized the content of the concepts of "distance learning" and "distance learning"; the author's interpretation of the concept of "distance learning" is given; based on the analysis of domestic and foreign experience, the principles of organizing distance learning were identified and supplemented; the experience of using distance learning in higher educational institutions of Ukraine has been studied and systematized.

scholarly journals In Search of an Evanescent Object: Science and Its History

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-28
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
Logical Positivist ◽  
Current State ◽  
Cultural Processes ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
Experiment Verification ◽  
History Of ◽  
Images Of Science ◽  
Selection Of

The authors start from the premise that science is an empirical manifold and then examine different ways of dealing with it. The traditional essentialist approach would construct a single “essence,” a unique and normative set of distinctive qualities that is to be found with minor variations in any branch of science. The usual elements in such a set are the concepts of fact, method, theory, experiment, verification and falsification, while any social, political and cultural processes or factors are discounted as external and collateral. This approach would provide a relatively straightforward account of what science is and reliably distinguish science from everything that is not science so that its claim to autonomy would be supported by a normative “strong” image of science. The history of science would then be reduced to a selection of illustrations of how that essence was formed and implemented. The most well-known versions of this essence and strong image are derived from a logical positivist philosophy of science and from the self-descriptions of many scientists, which are usually considered the authoritative explanation of science and often referred to when science is popularized. The authors point out some considerations that cast doubt on this privilege of self-description. Furthermore, scientificity requires that science itself become an object of specialized research. Studying the activities of scientists and scientific communities using the empirical methods of sociology, history and anthropology has exposed a divergence between the normative “strong” image and the actually observed variety of sciences, methodologies, ways to be scientists, etc. When those empirical disciplines are applied to science, they do not provide an alternative “strong” image of it, but instead construct a relativized and pluralistic “weak” one. The authors locate the crux of the dilemma of choosing between these images of science at the point where the desire to study science meets the urge to defend its autonomy. The article closes by briefly describing the current state of the history of science and outlining the possible advantages of choosing the “weak” image.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. xiv-37
Author(s):  
Shane P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
Legal Requirement ◽  
Compulsory Voting ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

The introductory chapter addresses the need for a new full-length manuscript on compulsory voting and discuss the meaning of the term. The chapter then reviews arguments for and against the requirement to vote, focusing mostly on matters of duty, collective action, legitimacy, representation, and the putative downstream consequences of compulsory voting. The chapter subsequently briefly reviews the history of compulsory voting and the potential reasons for its implementation. The chapter then provides data on where and how compulsory voting is used today and gives a detailed overview of recent events surrounding compulsory voting throughout the world. From there, the chapter discusses various empirical methods available to the scientific community for assessing the effects of the legal requirement to vote.

scholarly journals Choice experiments in health: the good, the bad, the ugly and toward a brighter future

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
JORDAN J. LOUVIERE ◽  
EMILY LANCSAR
Keyword(s):  
Health Economics ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Choice Experiments ◽  
Discrete Choice Experiments ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Moving Target ◽  
History Of ◽  
Brighter Future

Abstract:Compared to many applied areas of economics, health economics has a strong tradition in eliciting and using stated preferences (SP) in policy analysis. Discrete choice experiments (DCEs) are one SP method increasingly used in this area. Literature on DCEs in health and more generally has grown rapidly since the mid-1990s. Applications of DCEs in health have come a long way, but to date few have been ‘best practice’, in part because ‘best practice’ has been somewhat of a moving target. The purpose of this paper is to briefly survey the history of DCEs and the state of current knowledge, identify and discuss knowledge gaps, and suggest potentially fruitful areas for future research to fill such gaps with the aim of moving the application of DCEs in health economics closer to best practice.

scholarly journals Experimental Philosophy and Philosophical Disputes

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Sytsma ◽  
Jonathan Livengood ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Philosophy ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Experimental Literature ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Asking Questions ◽  
Philosophical Progress ◽  
Looking Back

One view of philosophy that is sometimes expressed, especially by scientists, is that while philosophers are good at asking questions, they are poor at producing convincing answers. And the perceived divide between philosophical and scientific methods is often pointed to as the major culprit behind this lack of progress. Looking back at the history of philosophy, however, we find that this methodological divide is a relatively recent invention. Further, it is one that has been challenged over the past decade by the modern incarnation of experimental philosophy. How might the reincorporation of empirical methods into philosophy aid the process of making philosophical progress? Building off of the work of Sytsma (2010), we argue that one way it does so is by offering a means of resolving some disputes that arise in philosophy. We illustrate how philosophical disputes may sometimes be resolved empirically by looking at the recent experimental literature on intuitions about reference.

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