scholarly journals Fiber ball white matter modeling in focal epilepsy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorna Bryant ◽  
Emilie T. McKinnon ◽  
James A. Taylor ◽  
Jens H. Jensen ◽  
Leonardo Bonilha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Focal Epilepsy ◽  
Fiber Ball

scholarly journals Histological and MRI markers of white matter damage in focal epilepsy

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Deleo ◽  
Maria Thom ◽  
Luis Concha ◽  
Andrea Bernasconi ◽  
Boris C. Bernhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Focal Epilepsy ◽  
White Matter Damage

scholarly journals Characterization of Functional and Structural Integrity in Experimental Focal Epilepsy: Reduced Network Efficiency Coincides with White Matter Changes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. e39078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem M. Otte ◽  
Rick M. Dijkhuizen ◽  
Maurits P. A. van Meer ◽  
Wilhelmina S. van der Hel ◽  
Suzanne A. M. W. Verlinde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Focal Epilepsy ◽  
Network Efficiency ◽  
White Matter Changes

scholarly journals Genetic and neuroanatomical support for functional brain network dynamics in epilepsy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranav G. Reddy ◽  
Richard F. Betzel ◽  
Ankit N. Khambhati ◽  
Preya Shah ◽  
Lohith Kini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Focal Epilepsy ◽  
Network Dynamics ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Brain Anatomy ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Genetic Constraints ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Functional Brain Network

AbstractFocal epilepsy is a devastating neurological disorder that affects an overwhelming number of patients world-wide, many of whom prove resistant to medication. The efficacy of current innovative technologies for the treatment of these patients has been stalled by the lack of accurate and effective methods to fuse multimodal neuroimaging data to map anatomical targets driving seizure dynamics. Here we propose a parsimonious model that explains how large-scale anatomical networks and shared genetic constraints shape inter-regional communication in focal epilepsy. In extensive ECoG recordings acquired from a group of patients with medically refractory focal-onset epilepsy, we find that ictal and preictal functional brain network dynamics can be accurately predicted from features of brain anatomy and geometry, patterns of white matter connectivity, and constraints complicit in patterns of gene coexpression, all of which are conserved across healthy adult populations. Moreover, we uncover evidence that markers of non-conserved architecture, potentially driven by idiosyncratic pathology of single subjects, are most prevalent in high frequency ictal dynamics and low frequency preictal dynamics. Finally, we find that ictal dynamics are better predicted by white matter features and more poorly predicted by geometry and genetic constraints than preictal dynamics, suggesting that the functional brain network dynamics manifest in seizures rely on – and may directly propagate along – underlying white matter structure that is largely conserved across humans. Broadly, our work offers insights into the generic architectural principles of the human brain that impact seizure dynamics, and could be extended to further our understanding, models, and predictions of subject-level pathology and response to intervention.

scholarly journals Drug-resistant epilepsy, early-onset hypertension and white matter lesions: a hidden paraganglioma

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. e228348
Author(s):  
Katri Silvennoinen ◽  
Alison J Waghorn ◽  
Simona Balestrini ◽  
Sanjay M Sisodiya
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Seizure Control ◽  
Focal Epilepsy ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Deep Brain Stimulator ◽  
Drug Resistant Epilepsy ◽  
Hyperintense White Matter ◽  
Deep Brain

We describe the case of a 35-year-old man with focal epilepsy since age 16. Due to a refractory course, several treatments were tried over the years, including insertion of a deep brain stimulator. At the time of his first assessment at our unit, he had recently been diagnosed with hypertension. An MR scan of brain revealed multiple T2 hyperintense white matter lesions, and evidence of previous haemorrhage in the left basal ganglia and pons. On follow-up imaging, the changes were considered to be in keeping with hypertensive arteriopathy. He was referred for further assessment of his hypertension and was found to have a para-aortic paraganglioma. This was excised 16 months after his initial presentation to us. The surgery was associated with an improvement in his seizure control. This case serves as a reminder of the need to be vigilant about the possibility of coexisting conditions in people with epilepsy.

scholarly journals Epileptic Patient with Mild Malformation of Cortical Development with Oligodendroglial Hyperplasia and Epilepsy (MOGHE): A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
A. Verentzioti ◽  
I. Blumcke ◽  
A. Alexoudi ◽  
P. Patrikelis ◽  
A. Siatouni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Epileptic Patient ◽  
Focal Epilepsy ◽  
Cortical Development ◽  
Resected Specimen ◽  
Frontal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Malformation Of Cortical Development

Introduction. There is an emerging interest in the literature about MOGHE (Mild Malformation of Cortical Development with Oligodendroglial Hyperplasia and Epilepsy). We report the case of an epileptic patient with MOGHE. Case Report. A 33-year-old male patient was suffering from refractory focal epilepsy since adolescence. MRI demonstrated increased T2/FLAIR signal intensity of right frontal lobe. Presurgical evaluation led to definition of epileptogenic network in a specific area of right frontal lobe. The resected specimen revealed MOGHE. Discussion. MOGHE appears to be a brain entity which shares some unique histopathological features. Review of the literature is in accordance with our patient’s findings. The major neuropathological finding consists of areas with blurred gray-white matter boundaries due to heterotopic neurons in white matter and increased numbers of subcortical oligodendroglial cells with increased proliferation. MR abnormalities are present in T2/FLAIR sequences. It concerns patients with refractory frontal lobe epilepsy and appears to associate with unfavourable postsurgical outcome in seizure control. Conclusion. More cases are needed in order to establish more data about this distinct entity in frontal lobe epilepsy. This could be valuable knowledge to patients and doctors concerning expectations or management of undesirable outcome in frontal lobe epilepsy surgery.

scholarly journals White matter microstructure characterisation in temporal lobe epilepsy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolò Rolandi ◽  
Fulvia Palesi ◽  
Francesco Padelli ◽  
Isabella Giachetti ◽  
Domenico Aquino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Focal Epilepsy ◽  
Spatial Statistical Analysis ◽  
White Matter Microstructure ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Diffusion Kurtosis ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging Dti

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common form of focal epilepsy. Parameters of microstructural abnormalities derived from diffusion tensor imaging(DTI) have been reported to be helpful in differentiating between Left and Right TLE (L-TLE and R-TLE) but few of them compared L-TLE and R-TLE with a voxelwise approach. In this study, a whole brain tract based spatial statistical analysis was performed on DTI, diffusion kurtosis and NODDI derived parameters of 88 subjects to identify specific white matter patterns of alteration in patient affected by L-TLE and R-TLE with respect to healthy controls. Our findings demonstrated the presence of specific patterns of white matter alterations, with L-TLE more widely affected both in cerebral and cerebellar regions. This result supports the need to consider patients separately, according to the side of their pathology.

scholarly journals Relationship of white matter hyperintensities with clinical features of seizures in patients with epilepsy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferda Ilgen USLU ◽  
Elif ÇETINTAŞ ◽  
İsmail YURTSEVEN ◽  
Alpay ALKAN ◽  
Mehmet KOLUKISA
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
Focal Epilepsy ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Duration Of Disease ◽  
Antiepileptic Medications ◽  
Generalized Epilepsy ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy ◽  
Relationship Of

ABSTRACT Background: Although epilepsy is primarily known as a cortical disorder, there is growing body of research demonstrating white matter alterations in patients with epilepsy. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and its association with seizure characteristics in patients with epilepsy. Methods: The prevalence of WMH in 94 patients with epilepsy and 41 healthy controls were compared. Within the patient sample, the relationship between the presence of WMH and type of epilepsy, frequency of seizures, duration of disease and the number of antiepileptic medications were investigated. Results: The mean age and sex were not different between patients and healthy controls (p>0.2). WMH was present in 27.7% of patients and in 14.6% of healthy controls. Diagnosis of epilepsy was independently associated with the presence of WMH (ß=3.09, 95%CI 1.06-9.0, p=0.039). Patients with focal epilepsy had higher prevalence of WMH (35.5%) than patients with generalized epilepsy (14.7%). The presence of WMH was associated with older age but not with seizure characteristics. Conclusions: WMH is more common in patients with focal epilepsy than healthy controls. The presence of WMH is associated with older age, but not with seizure characteristics.

Noradrenaline mediates paradoxical effects on rat neocortical neurons after GABA withdrawal

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 1139-1150 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Silva-Barrat ◽  
J. Champagnat ◽  
J. Leiva ◽  
V. Pavlik
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Focal Epilepsy ◽  
Reversal Potential ◽  
Current Injection ◽  
Epileptic Focus ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Bath Application ◽  
Paradoxical Effects ◽  
Repetitive Discharge

1. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of noradrenergic neurotransmission in neuronal activities intracellularly recorded in neocortical slices obtained from rats presenting the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) withdrawal syndrome (GWS), a focal epilepsy consecutive to the interruption of a chronic intracortical GABA infusion into the somatomotor cortex. Neurons recorded in the epileptic focus area (n = 52) were bursting or nonbursting cells. Intrinsic bursting (IB, n = 20) cells presented bursts of action potentials (APs) to an intracellular depolarizing current injection and paroxysmal depolarization shifts (PDSs) to white matter stimulation. Synaptic bursting (SB, n = 22) cells presented only PDSs. Nonbursting (NB, n = 10) cells presented no burst after either synaptic stimulation or depolarizing current injection. Results were compared with those obtained from NB neurons (n = 4) recorded in slices from saline-infused rats. 2. In all of the recorded neurons, bath application of norepinephrine (NE, 10 and 100 microM) provoked a depolarization (1-5 mV) associated with a decrease in input K+ conductance having a mean reversal potential at -90 to -102 mV, not significantly different for bursting and nonbursting cells. This reversal potential differed from that of Cl(-)-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (-70 mV) elicited in NB cells by electrical stimulation of the white matter. 3. In IB cells, the NE-induced depolarization replaced the intrinsic bursts by a sustained repetitive discharge of single APs and caused intrinsic bursts to appear during previously subthreshold depolarizing current pulses. These NE-increased activities were abolished by dihydropyridine nitrendipine (1 microM) and by Cd2+ (0.5 mM) or Co2+ (2 mM), thus confirming that Ca2+ currents contribute to burst generation in IB cells. 4. In both NB and SB cells recorded in slices from GWS rats, NE provoked the appearance of intrinsic bursts of APs during steps of depolarizing current injections. In addition, in NB cells, NE caused synaptic bursts to appear after white matter stimulation. These NE-induced bursts were dihydropyridine (nitrendipine, 1 microM)- and Cd2+ (0.5 mM)- or Co2+ (2 mM)-sensitive and were related to an increased AP-afterdepolarization. The fast AP-afterhyperpolarization was not affected by NE. In NB cells recorded in slices from saline-infused rats (n = 4) NE did not provoke the appearance of bursts even when stimulation intensity was increased up to three times.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

scholarly journals White matter changes in focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina F Maher ◽  
Arkiev D'Souza ◽  
Rui Zeng ◽  
Michael Barnett ◽  
Omid F Kavehei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Focal Epilepsy ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Predictive Biomarker ◽  
Automated Image Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
White Matter Changes ◽  
Clonic Seizures ◽  
Subcortical Regions ◽  
And Control

Objective: A better understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings of focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures (FBTCS) would aid treatment decisions, and improve disease management for drug-refractory patients. We sought to examine the microstructural white matter differences in patients with FBTCS, compared to those with focal epilepsy without FBTCS, and control participants. Methods: We combined a superior tract segmentation model with track-weighted tensor metrics (TW-TM) in an advanced, automated image analysis and tract reconstruction pipeline. Univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) tests were used to compare group differences in both whole-tract metrics and hemispheric tract metrics. Results: We identified a range of white matter regions that displayed significantly altered white matter in patients with and without FBTCS, compared to controls. Specifically, patients without FBTCS had significantly increased white matter disruption in the inferior fronto-occipital fascicle and the striato-occipital tract. In contrast, patients with FBTCS were more similar to healthy controls in most regions, except for distinct alterations in the inferior cerebellar region compared to the non-FBTCS group and controls. Significance: This study exploited track-weighted tensor metrics (TW-TM) to investigate white matter changes in FBTCS. Our findings revealed marked alterations in a range of subcortical regions widely considered critical in the genesis of seizures. Our application of TW-TM in a new clinical dataset allowed the identification of specific tracts that may act as a predictive biomarker to distinguish patients who are likely to develop FBTCS.

scholarly journals Modeling white matter microstructure with fiber ball imaging

NeuroImage ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 11-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie T. McKinnon ◽  
Joseph A. Helpern ◽  
Jens H. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Microstructure ◽  
Fiber Ball
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