scholarly journals Rehearsal of tactile working memory: Premotor cortex recruits two dissociable neuronal content representations

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-258
Author(s):  
Timo Torsten Schmidt ◽  
Pia Schröder ◽  
Pablo Reinhardt ◽  
Felix Blankenburg
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Tactile Working Memory

The functional neuroanatomy of schizophrenic subsyndromes

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1007-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. HONEY ◽  
T. SHARMA ◽  
J. SUCKLING ◽  
V. GIAMPIETRO ◽  
W. SONI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Functional Neuroanatomy ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Negatively Associated

Background. There is considerable variability between patients in their expression of the diverse range of symptoms encompassed by the syndrome of schizophrenia, which may modulate functional activation to cognitive processing.Method. Here we investigate associations between schizophrenic subsyndrome scores, identified by factor analysis, and experimentally controlled brain activation. Five factors were defined by rotated principal components analysis of PANSS rating scale measurements in 100 patients with schizophrenia. A subsample of 30 patients and a group of 27 comparison subjects were studied using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during the performance of two periodically designed cognitive activation experiments: verbal working memory and psychomotor sequencing.Results. Factor analysis replicated the five dimensions consistently reported. Within the patient group, power of activation by working memory was negatively associated with global symptom severity in left lingual and temporo-parietal cortices; negatively associated with positive subsyndrome scores in left inferior frontal and superior temporal cortices and basal ganglia; and positively associated with negative subsyndrome scores in lateral and medial premotor cortex. No relationship was observed between subsyndrome scores and functional activation during the motor task. Between-group comparisons demonstrated reduced power of response to the working memory task by patients in bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal and left pre- and post-central cortices.Conclusions. In this study we observed task-specific modulation of functional response associated with symptom expression in schizophrenia. Our findings are compatible with previous empirical findings and theoretical conceptualization of human brain function, in terms of capacity constraints on activation in the face of competing demands from pathological and task-related cognitive activity.

scholarly journals An approach to separating the levels of hierarchical structure building in language and mathematics

2012 ◽  
Vol 367 (1598) ◽  
pp. 2033-2045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiru Makuuchi ◽  
Jörg Bahlmann ◽  
Angela D. Friederici
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Sentence Comprehension ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Structure Building ◽  
Language And Mathematics ◽  
Memory Control ◽  
And Mathematics

We aimed to dissociate two levels of hierarchical structure building in language and mathematics, namely ‘first-level’ (the build-up of hierarchical structure with externally given elements) and ‘second-level’ (the build-up of hierarchical structure with internally represented elements produced by first-level processes). Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated these processes in three domains: sentence comprehension, arithmetic calculation (using Reverse Polish notation, which gives two operands followed by an operator) and a working memory control task. All tasks required the build-up of hierarchical structures at the first- and second-level, resulting in a similar computational hierarchy across language and mathematics, as well as in a working memory control task. Using a novel method that estimates the difference in the integration cost for conditions of different trial durations, we found an anterior-to-posterior functional organization in the prefrontal cortex, according to the level of hierarchy. Common to all domains, the ventral premotor cortex (PMv) supports first-level hierarchy building, while the dorsal pars opercularis (POd) subserves second-level hierarchy building, with lower activation for language compared with the other two tasks. These results suggest that the POd and the PMv support domain-general mechanisms for hierarchical structure building, with the POd being uniquely efficient for language.

scholarly journals Distributed neural networks of tactile working memory

2013 ◽  
Vol 107 (6) ◽  
pp. 452-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Wang ◽  
Mark Bodner ◽  
Yong-Di Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Tactile Working Memory

Increasing top-down suppression from prefrontal cortex facilitates tactile working memory

NeuroImage ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 1091-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henri Hannula ◽  
Tuomas Neuvonen ◽  
Petri Savolainen ◽  
Jaana Hiltunen ◽  
Yuan-Ye Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Tactile Working Memory

scholarly journals Tactile Working Memory Outside our Hands

i-Perception ◽  
10.1068/ic826 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 826-826
Author(s):  
Takako Yoshida ◽  
Hong Tan ◽  
Charles Spence
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Tactile Working Memory

Validation of the Tactual Span in individuals with congenital and acquired blindness

2021 ◽  
pp. 026461962110449
Author(s):  
Eyal Heled ◽  
Or Oshri
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Auditory Modality ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Semantic Fluency ◽  
Cognitive Assessments ◽  
Tactile Working Memory ◽  
Blind Individuals ◽  
Specific Sequences ◽  
Fluency Test

Neuropsychological assessment tools for individuals with blindness are relatively scarce. In the current study, we assessed the validity of the Tactual Span, a task aimed at evaluating tactile working memory. During the task, the fingers of both hands are touched in specific sequences of ascending difficulty, which participants are asked to repeat in exact and reverse order. Twelve participants with congenital blindness and 13 with acquired blindness were examined alongside 18 sighted controls, matched to the experimental group with respect to age and education. Participants performed the Tactual Span and three additional tasks assessing working memory in the auditory modality, as well as a Semantic Fluency test. Results showed that the Tactual Span was significantly correlated with most of the other working memory measures, in all groups, but not with the Semantic Fluency test. In addition, the congenital and acquired blindness groups performed similarly to one another and better than sighted controls on most working memory tasks, but not on the Semantic Fluency test. Findings suggest that the Tactual Span is a feasible task for measuring tactile working memory in individuals with congenital and acquired blindness. Therefore, it can expand the cognitive assessment toolbox of professionals working with blind individuals and increase the strength of conclusions drawn from cognitive assessments in educational and vocational settings.

scholarly journals Load Modulation of BOLD Response and Connectivity Predicts Working Memory Performance in Younger and Older Adults

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 2030-2045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene E. Nagel ◽  
Claudia Preuschhof ◽  
Shu-Chen Li ◽  
Lars Nyberg ◽  
Lars Bäckman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Network Activity ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

Individual differences in working memory (WM) performance have rarely been related to individual differences in the functional responsivity of the WM brain network. By neglecting person-to-person variation, comparisons of network activity between younger and older adults using functional imaging techniques often confound differences in activity with age trends in WM performance. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated the relations among WM performance, neural activity in the WM network, and adult age using a parametric letter n-back task in 30 younger adults (21–31 years) and 30 older adults (60–71 years). Individual differences in the WM network's responsivity to increasing task difficulty were related to WM performance, with a more responsive BOLD signal predicting greater WM proficiency. Furthermore, individuals with higher WM performance showed greater change in connectivity between left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and left premotor cortex across load. We conclude that a more responsive WM network contributes to higher WM performance, regardless of adult age. Our results support the notion that individual differences in WM performance are important to consider when studying the WM network, particularly in age-comparative studies.

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