scholarly journals Seeing your own or someone else's hand moving in accordance with your action: The neural interaction of agency and hand identity

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 2474-2489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Uhlmann ◽  
Mareike Pazen ◽  
Bianca M. Kemenade ◽  
Olaf Steinsträter ◽  
Laurence R. Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Interaction

scholarly journals Interacting with volatile environments stabilizes hidden-state inference and its brain signatures

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélien Weiss ◽  
Valérian Chambon ◽  
Junseok K. Lee ◽  
Jan Drugowitsch ◽  
Valentin Wyart
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Human Learning ◽  
Sensory Cues ◽  
Uncertain Environments ◽  
Behavioral Difference ◽  
Neural Interaction ◽  
Degree Of Control ◽  
Uncertain Outcomes ◽  
State Inference

AbstractMaking accurate decisions in uncertain environments requires identifying the generative cause of sensory cues, but also the expected outcomes of possible actions. Although both cognitive processes can be formalized as Bayesian inference, they are commonly studied using different experimental frameworks, making their formal comparison difficult. Here, by framing a reversal learning task either as cue-based or outcome-based inference, we found that humans perceive the same volatile environment as more stable when inferring its hidden state by interaction with uncertain outcomes than by observation of equally uncertain cues. Multivariate patterns of magnetoencephalographic (MEG) activity reflected this behavioral difference in the neural interaction between inferred beliefs and incoming evidence, an effect originating from associative regions in the temporal lobe. Together, these findings indicate that the degree of control over the sampling of volatile environments shapes human learning and decision-making under uncertainty.

scholarly journals An fMRI study of neural interaction in large-scale cortico-thalamic visual network

NeuroImage ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 1110-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nanyin Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Hong Zhu ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Wei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Neural Interaction ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Visual Network

scholarly journals Probing Changes in Neural Interaction During Adaptation

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2359-2377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqiang Zhu ◽  
Ying-Cheng Lai ◽  
Frank C. Hoppensteadt ◽  
Jiping He
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Stochastic Models ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Directed Transfer Function ◽  
Neural Interaction ◽  
Functional Interactions ◽  
External Perturbations ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
Before And After

A procedure is developed to probe the changes in the functional interactions among neurons in primary motor cortex of the monkey brain during adaptation. A monkey is trained to learn a new skill, moving its arm to reach a target under the influence of external perturbations. The spike trains of multiple neurons in the primary motor cortex are recorded simultaneously. We utilize the methodology of directed transfer function, derived from a class of linear stochastic models, to quantify the causal interactions between the neurons. We find that the coupling between the motor neurons tends to increase during the adaptation but return to the original level after the adaptation. Furthermore, there is evidence that adaptation tends to affect the topology of the neural network, despite the approximate conservation of the average coupling strength in the network before and after the adaptation.

scholarly journals Bladder urothelium converts bacterial lipopolysaccharide information into neural signaling via an ATP-mediated pathway to enhance the micturition reflex for rapid defense

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norichika Ueda ◽  
Makoto Kondo ◽  
Kentaro Takezawa ◽  
Hiroshi Kiuchi ◽  
Yosuke Sekii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide ◽  
Sensory Receptor ◽  
Urinary Frequency ◽  
Micturition Reflex ◽  
Neural Interaction ◽  
Bladder Urothelium ◽  
Neural Signaling ◽  
Defensive Mechanism

AbstractWhen bacteria enter the bladder lumen, a first-stage active defensive mechanism flushes them out. Although urinary frequency induced by bacterial cystitis is a well-known defensive response against bacteria, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, using a mouse model of acute bacterial cystitis, we demonstrate that the bladder urothelium senses luminal extracellular bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) through Toll-like receptor 4 and releases the transmitter ATP. Moreover, analysis of purinergic P2X2 and P2X3 receptor-deficient mice indicated that ATP signaling plays a pivotal role in the LPS-induced activation of L6–S1 spinal neurons through the bladder afferent pathway, resulting in rapid onset of the enhanced micturition reflex. Thus, we revealed a novel defensive mechanism against bacterial infection via an epithelial-neural interaction that induces urinary frequency prior to bacterial clearance by neutrophils of the innate immune system. Our results indicate an important defense role for the bladder urothelium as a chemical-neural transducer, converting bacterial LPS information into neural signaling via an ATP-mediated pathway, with bladder urothelial cells acting as sensory receptor cells.

Spontaneous burst firing in cat primary auditory cortex: age and depth dependence and its effect on neural interaction measures

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1292-1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Eggermont ◽  
G. M. Smith ◽  
D. Bowman
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Firing Rate ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Central Peak ◽  
Burst Firing ◽  
Short Time Scale ◽  
Sorting Algorithm ◽  
Age Dependence ◽  
Neural Interaction ◽  
Order Intervals

1. Neural activity was recorded with two independent electrodes separated by 0.5-2 mm, aligned in parallel, and advanced perpendicular to the surface of the cat auditory cortex. Because the experiments were part of a study into laminar interaction the difference in recording depths for the two independently movable electrodes was never > 100 microns. Multi-unit activity on each electrode was separated on-line into single-unit spike-trains with a maximum variance spike sorting algorithm. Off-line controls on the quality of the spike-train separation were routinely performed. The first aim of this study was to describe the age dependence of spontaneous burst firing and to explore if and how it could be explained by age dependent changes in firing rate. The second aim was to investigate a potential layer dependence on burst firing. The third aim was to describe the effect of burst-removal procedures on the shape, strength, and width of the cross-correlogram and to investigate whether an age dependence in burst firing might account for the previously reported age dependence in correlation strengths. 2. Recordings were made from 237 single units from primary auditory cortex in nine adult cats and from 67 units in seven kittens age 10-52 days. The incidence of burst firing as a function of firing rate, age and depth of recording and unit characteristic frequency was investigated. In addition the effect of burst firing on the strength and width of the central peak in 471 neural pair correlograms was analyzed. 3. Burst firing could be distinguished at many different time scales; bursts lasting of the order of 10 s contained bursts with durations of the order of 1 s, which in turn contained bursts of 30-50-ms duration. The analysis in this paper was restricted to the short-duration bursts. 4. Burst firing on the short-time scale of 50 ms was characterized by relatively well defined intervals between the first two spikes (3-15 ms) followed by higher-order intervals with large spread (range 4-50 ms) but with increasing modal interval value. The typical adult five-spike burst template featured spikes at 0, 3.3, 14.6, 27.2, and 34.8 ms. Burst with fewer spikes showed larger intervals between the first three spikes. 5. The probability of occurrence of isolated spikes, pairs, triplets, etc. showed a power-law dependence on firing rate with a coefficient that was significantly lower than expected under Poisson firing conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Neural Interaction between Logical Reasoning and Pragmatic Processing in Narrative Discourse

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 692-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme Prado ◽  
Nicola Spotorno ◽  
Eric Koun ◽  
Emily Hewitt ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Van der Henst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Logical Reasoning ◽  
Narrative Discourse ◽  
Logical Inference ◽  
Inference Making ◽  
Innovative Design ◽  
Neural Interaction ◽  
Natural Discourse ◽  
Logical Connectives

Logical connectives (e.g., or, if, and not) are central to everyday conversation, and the inferences they generate are made with little effort in pragmatically sound situations. In contrast, the neural substrates of logical inference-making have been studied exclusively in abstract tasks where pragmatic concerns are minimal. Here, we used fMRI in an innovative design that employed narratives to investigate the interaction between logical reasoning and pragmatic processing in natural discourse. Each narrative contained three premises followed by a statement. In Fully-deductive stories, the statement confirmed a conclusion that followed from two steps of disjunction–elimination (e.g., Xavier considers Thursday, Friday, or Saturday for inviting his girlfriend out; he removes Thursday before he rejects Saturday and declares “I will invite her out for Friday”). In Implicated-premise stories, an otherwise identical narrative included three premises that twice removed a single option from consideration (i.e., Xavier rejects Thursday for two different reasons). The conclusion therefore necessarily prompts an implication (i.e., Xavier must have removed Saturday from consideration as well). We report two main findings. First, conclusions of Implicated-premise stories are associated with more activity than conclusions of Fully-deductive stories in a bilateral frontoparietal system, suggesting that these regions play a role in inferring an implicated premise. Second, brain connectivity between these regions increases with pragmatic abilities when reading conclusions in Implicated-premise stories. These findings suggest that pragmatic processing interacts with logical inference-making when understanding arguments in narrative discourse.

scholarly journals The neural interaction between the arterial baroreflex and muscle metaboreflex is preserved in older men

2013 ◽  
Vol 98 (10) ◽  
pp. 1422-1431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jody L. Greaney ◽  
Christopher E. Schwartz ◽  
David G. Edwards ◽  
Paul J. Fadel ◽  
William B. Farquhar
Keyword(s):  
Older Men ◽  
Arterial Baroreflex ◽  
Muscle Metaboreflex ◽  
Neural Interaction
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