scholarly journals Decoding and mapping task states of the human brain via deep learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1505-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxiao Wang ◽  
Xiao Liang ◽  
Zhoufan Jiang ◽  
Benedictor A. Nguchu ◽  
Yawen Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Mapping Task

scholarly journals Siamese Reconstruction Network: Accurate Image Reconstruction from Human Brain Activity by Learning to Compare

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (22) ◽  
pp. 4749
Author(s):  
Lingyun Jiang ◽  
Kai Qiao ◽  
Linyuan Wang ◽  
Chi Zhang ◽  
Jian Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Feature Space ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Reconstruction Method ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
Training Samples ◽  
Visual Reconstruction ◽  
Relationship Of

Decoding human brain activities, especially reconstructing human visual stimuli via functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), has gained increasing attention in recent years. However, the high dimensionality and small quantity of fMRI data impose restrictions on satisfactory reconstruction, especially for the reconstruction method with deep learning requiring huge amounts of labelled samples. When compared with the deep learning method, humans can recognize a new image because our human visual system is naturally capable of extracting features from any object and comparing them. Inspired by this visual mechanism, we introduced the mechanism of comparison into deep learning method to realize better visual reconstruction by making full use of each sample and the relationship of the sample pair by learning to compare. In this way, we proposed a Siamese reconstruction network (SRN) method. By using the SRN, we improved upon the satisfying results on two fMRI recording datasets, providing 72.5% accuracy on the digit dataset and 44.6% accuracy on the character dataset. Essentially, this manner can increase the training data about from n samples to 2n sample pairs, which takes full advantage of the limited quantity of training samples. The SRN learns to converge sample pairs of the same class or disperse sample pairs of different class in feature space.

scholarly journals Automated claustrum segmentation in human brain MRI using deep learning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongwei Li ◽  
Aurore Menegaux ◽  
Benita Schmitz‐Koep ◽  
Antonia Neubauer ◽  
Felix J. B. Bäuerlein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Mri

scholarly journals Deep learning from MRI-derived labels enables automatic brain tissue classification on human brain CT

NeuroImage ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 118606
Author(s):  
Meera Srikrishna ◽  
Joana B. Pereira ◽  
Rolf A. Heckemann ◽  
Giovanni Volpe ◽  
Danielle van Westen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Tissue Classification ◽  
Brain Ct

scholarly journals LSTM Neural Network for Textual Ngrams

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun C. D'Souza
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Probabilistic Models ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Language Models ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
The Web

Cognitive neuroscience is the study of how the human brain functions on tasks like decision making, language, perception and reasoning. Deep learning is a class of machine learning algorithms that use neural networks. They are designed to model the responses of neurons in the human brain. Learning can be supervised or unsupervised. Ngram token models are used extensively in language prediction. Ngrams are probabilistic models that are used in predicting the next word or token. They are a statistical model of word sequences or tokens and are called Language Models or Lms. Ngrams are essential in creating language prediction models. We are exploring a broader sandbox ecosystems enabling for AI. Specifically, around Deep learning applications on unstructured content form on the web.

scholarly journals AUTOMATIC COLORIZATION USING CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
N. Lakshmi Prasanna ◽  
Sk. Sohal Rehman ◽  
V. Naga Phani ◽  
S. Koteswara Rao ◽  
T. Ram Santosh
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
User Interface ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Gray Scale Image ◽  
User Intervention ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Grayscale Images

Automatic Colorization helps to hallucinate what an input gray scale image would look like when colorized. Automatic coloring makes it look and feel better than Grayscale. One of the most important technologies used in Machine learning is Deep Learning. Deep learning is nothing but to train the computer with certain algorithms which imitates the working of the human brain. Some of the areas in which it is used are medical, Industrial Automation, Electronics etc. The main objective of this project is coloring Grayscale images. We have umbrellaed the concepts of convolutional neural networks along with the use of the Opencv library in Python to construct our desired model. A user interface has also been fabricated to get personalized inputs using PIL. The user had to give details about boundaries, what colors to put, etc. Colorization requires considerable user intervention and remains a tedious, time consuming, and expensive task. So, in this paper we try to build a model to colorize the grayscale images automatically by using some modern deep learning techniques. In colorization task, the model needs to find characteristics to map grayscale images with colored ones.

scholarly journals LSTM neural network for textual ngrams

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun C. D'Souza
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Probabilistic Models ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Language Models ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
The Web

Cognitive neuroscience is the study of how the human brain functions on tasks like decision making, language, perception and reasoning. Deep learning is a class of machine learning algorithms that use neural networks. They are designed to model the responses of neurons in the human brain. Learning can be supervised or unsupervised. Ngram token models are used extensively in language prediction. Ngrams are probabilistic models that are used in predicting the next word or token. They are a statistical model of word sequences or tokens and are called Language Models or Lms. Ngrams are essential in creating language prediction models. We are exploring a broader sandbox ecosystems enabling for AI. Specifically, around Deep learning applications on unstructured content form on the web.

Network attributes describe a similarity between deep neural networks and large scale brain networks

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosuke Takagi
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Deep Neural Networks ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Connection Weight ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Despite the recent success of deep learning models in solving various problems, their ability is still limited compared with human intelligence, which has the flexibility to adapt to a changing environment. To obtain a model which achieves adaptability to a wide range of problems and tasks is a challenging problem. To achieve this, an issue that must be addressed is identification of the similarities and differences between the human brain and deep neural networks. In this article, inspired by the human flexibility which might suggest the existence of a common mechanism allowing solution of different kinds of tasks, we consider a general learning process in neural networks, on which no specific conditions and constraints are imposed. Subsequently, we theoretically show that, according to the learning progress, the network structure converges to the state, which is characterized by a unique distribution model with respect to network quantities such as the connection weight and node strength. Noting that the empirical data indicate that this state emerges in the large scale network in the human brain, we show that the same state can be reproduced in a simple example of deep learning models. Although further research is needed, our findings provide an insight into the common inherent mechanism underlying the human brain and deep learning. Thus, our findings provide suggestions for designing efficient learning algorithms for solving a wide variety of tasks in the future.

scholarly journals DARQ: Deep learning of quality control for stereotaxic registration of human brain MRI

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Fonov ◽  
Mahsa Dadar ◽  
D. Louis Collins ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
True Negative ◽  
Available N ◽  
True Negative Rate ◽  
Negative Rate ◽  
Mri Scans

Linear registration to stereotaxic space is a common first step in many automated image-processing tools for analysis of human brain MRI scans. This step is crucial for the success of the subsequent image-processing steps. Several well-established algorithms are commonly used in the field of neuroimaging for this task, but none have a 100% success rate. Manual assessment of the registration is commonly used as part of quality control. To reduce the burden of this time-consuming step, we propose Deep Automated Registration Qc (DARQ), a fully automatic quality control method based on deep learning that can replace the human rater and accurately perform quality control assessment for stereotaxic registration of T1w brain scans. In a recently published study from our group comparing linear registration methods, we used a database of 9325 MRI scans from several publicly available datasets and applied seven linear registration tools to them. In this study, the resulting images that were assessed and labeled by a human rater are used to train a deep neural network to detect cases when registration failed. We further validated the results on an independent dataset of patients with multiple sclerosis, with manual QC labels available (n=1200). In terms of agreement with a manual rater, our automated QC method was able to achieve 89% accuracy and 85% true negative rate (equivalently 15% false positive rate) in detecting scans that should pass quality control in a balanced cross-validation experiments, and 96.1% accuracy and 95.5% true negative rate (or 4.5% FPR) when evaluated in a balanced independent sample, similar to manual QC rater (test-retest accuracy of 93%). The results show that DARQ is robust, fast, accurate, and generalizable in detecting failure in linear stereotaxic registrations and can substantially reduce QC time (by a factor of 20 or more) when processing large datasets.

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