scholarly journals Stepwise functional connectivity reveals altered sensory‐multimodal integration in medication‐naïve adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (16) ◽  
pp. 4645-4656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Pretus ◽  
Luis Marcos‐Vidal ◽  
Magdalena Martínez‐García ◽  
Marisol Picado ◽  
Josep Antoni Ramos‐Quiroga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Multimodal Integration ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

scholarly journals Brain functional connectivity abnormalities in attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Silberstein ◽  
Andrew Pipingas ◽  
Maree Farrow ◽  
Florence Levy ◽  
Con K. Stough ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Brain Functional Connectivity

scholarly journals Neural correlates of shared sensory symptoms in autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Itahashi ◽  
Junya Fujino ◽  
Taku Sato ◽  
Haruhisa Ohta ◽  
Motoaki Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Sensory Symptom ◽  
Brain Functional Connectivity

Abstract Symptoms of autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder often co-occur. Among these, sensory impairment, which is a core diagnostic feature of autism spectrum disorder, is often observed in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. However, the underlying mechanisms of symptoms that are shared across disorders remain unknown. To examine the neural correlates of sensory symptoms that are associated with autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, we analysed resting-state functional MRI data obtained from 113 people with either autism spectrum disorder or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (n = 78 autism spectrum disorder, mean age = 29.5; n = 35 attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, mean age = 31.2) and 96 neurotypical controls (mean age = 30.6, range: 20–55 years) using a cross-sectional study design. First, we used a multi-dimensional approach to examine intrinsic brain functional connectivity related to sensory symptoms in four domains (i.e. low registration, sensation seeking, sensory sensitivity and sensation avoidance), after controlling for age, handedness and head motion. Then, we used a partial least squares correlation to examine the link between sensory symptoms related to intrinsic brain functional connectivity and neurodevelopmental symptoms measured using the Autism Spectrum Quotient and Conners’ Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale, regardless of diagnosis. To test whether observed associations were specific to sensory symptoms related to intrinsic brain functional connectivity, we conducted a control analysis using a bootstrap framework. The results indicated that transdiagnostic yet distinct intrinsic brain functional connectivity neural bases varied according to the domain of the examined sensory symptom. Partial least squares correlation analysis revealed two latent components (latent component 1: q < 0.001 and latent component 2: q < 0.001). For latent component 1, a set of intrinsic brain functional connectivity was predominantly associated with neurodevelopmental symptom-related composite score (r = 0.64, P < 0.001), which was significantly correlated with Conners’ Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale total T scores (r = −0.99, q < 0.001). For latent component 2, another set of intrinsic brain functional connectivity was positively associated with neurodevelopmental symptom-related composite score (r = 0.58, P < 0.001), which was eventually positively associated with Autism Spectrum Quotient total scores (r = 0.92, q < 0.001). The bootstrap analysis showed that the relationship between intrinsic brain functional connectivity and neurodevelopmental symptoms was relative to sensory symptom-related intrinsic brain functional connectivity (latent component 1: P = 0.003 and latent component 2: P < 0.001). The current results suggest that sensory symptoms in individuals with autism spectrum disorder and those with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder have shared neural correlates. The neural correlates of the sensory symptoms were associated with the severity of both autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, regardless of diagnosis.

Brain development in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A neuroimaging perspective review

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S357-S357 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Pereira ◽  
P. de Castro-Manglano ◽  
C. Soutullo Esperon
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Child And Adolescent Psychiatry ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

IntroductionAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a challenge in child and adolescent psychiatry. In the recent decades many studies with longitudinal designs have used neuroimaging with ADHD patients, suggesting its neurodevelopmental origin.ObjectivesStudy the findings of neuroimaging (MRI, fMRI, DTI, PET) techniques on ADHD patients from a longitudinal point of view, looking also for the potential influence of treatments and other predictors (i.e. genetics).AimsTo provide a global perspective of all the recent findings on ADHD patients with the neuroimaging technics, focusing on longitudinal measurements of the changes in brain development.MethodsWe conducted a review of the literature in the databases Pubmed and ScienceDirect (terms ADHD, neuroimaging, MRI, fMRI, DTI, PET, functional connectivity, metilphenidate and cortical thickness). We focused on studies using neuroimaging techniques with ADHD patients, looking at their populations, methodologies and results.ResultsThe studies found abnormalities in the structure of grey matter, activity and brain connectivity in many neural networks, with particular involvement of the fronto-parietal and Default Mode Network. There is also convergent evidence for white matter pathology and disrupted anatomical connectivity in ADHD. In addition, dysfunctional connectivity during rest and during cognitive tasks has been demonstrated.ConclusionsThis evidence describe ADHD as a brain development disorder, with delays and disruptions in the global development of the central nervous system that compromises grey and white matters, most evident in the prefrontal cortex, parietal and posterior cingulate cortices, as well as basal ganglia, damaging activity and structural and functional connectivity of various brain networks, especially the fronto-striato-parietal and default mode network.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Quasi-periodic patterns of brain activity in individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anzar Abbas ◽  
Yasmine Bassil ◽  
Shella Keilholz
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Spatiotemporal Pattern ◽  
Periodic Patterns ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
And Task

Individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder have been shown to have disrupted functional connectivity in the default mode and task positive networks. Traditional fMRI analysis techniques that focus on static changes in functional connectivity have been successful in identifying differences between healthy controls and individuals with ADHD. However, such analyses are unable to explain the mechanisms behind the functional connectivity differences observed. Here, we study dynamic changes in functional connectivity in individuals with ADHD through investigation of quasi-periodic patterns (QPPs). QPPs are reliably recurring low-frequency spatiotemporal patterns in the brain linked to infra-slow electrical activity. They have been shown to contribute to functional connectivity observed through static analysis techniques. We find that QPPs contribute to functional connectivity specifically in regions that are disrupted during ADHD. Individuals with ADHD also show differences in the spatiotemporal pattern observed within the QPPs. This difference results in a weaker contribution of QPPs to functional connectivity in the default mode and task positive networks. We conclude that quasi-periodic patterns provide insight into the mechanisms behind functional connectivity differences seen in individuals with ADHD. This allows for a better understanding of the etiology of the disorder and development of effective treatments.

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