scholarly journals Reduced cortical thickness in Heschl's gyrus as an in vivo marker for human primary auditory cortex

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1139-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simeon Zoellner ◽  
Jan Benner ◽  
Bettina Zeidler ◽  
Annemarie Seither‐Preisler ◽  
Markus Christiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Heschl’S Gyrus ◽  
Heschl's Gyrus

scholarly journals Hemispheric asymmetry of primary auditory cortex and Heschl's gyrus in schizophrenia and nonpsychiatric brains

2013 ◽  
Vol 214 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Smiley ◽  
Troy A. Hackett ◽  
Todd M. Preuss ◽  
Cynthia Bleiwas ◽  
Khadija Figarsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Hemispheric Asymmetry ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Heschl’S Gyrus ◽  
Heschl's Gyrus

scholarly journals Heschl’s gyrus is more sensitive to tone level than non-primary auditory cortex

2002 ◽  
Vol 171 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 177-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heledd C Hart ◽  
Alan R Palmer ◽  
Deborah A Hall
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Heschl’S Gyrus ◽  
Heschl's Gyrus ◽  
Tone Level

scholarly journals Human Primary Auditory Cortex Follows the Shape of Heschl's Gyrus

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (40) ◽  
pp. 14067-14075 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Da Costa ◽  
W. van der Zwaag ◽  
J. P. Marques ◽  
R. S. J. Frackowiak ◽  
S. Clarke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Heschl’S Gyrus ◽  
Heschl's Gyrus

scholarly journals Functional characterization of human Heschl’s gyrus in response to natural speech

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahar Khalighinejad ◽  
Jose L. Herrero ◽  
Stephan Bickel ◽  
Ashesh D. Mehta ◽  
Nima Mesgarani
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Brain Area ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Linguistic Feature ◽  
Heschl’S Gyrus ◽  
Neurosurgical Patients ◽  
Heschl's Gyrus

AbstractHeschl’s gyrus (HG) is a brain area that includes the primary auditory cortex in humans. Due to the limitations in obtaining direct neural measurements from this region during naturalistic speech listening, the functional organization and the role of HG in speech perception remains uncertain. Here, we used intracranial EEG to directly record the neural activity in HG in eight neurosurgical patients as they listened to continuous speech stories. We studied the spatial distribution of acoustic tuning and the organization of linguistic feature encoding. We found a main gradient of change from posteromedial to anterolateral parts of HG. Along this direction, we observed a decrease in frequency and temporal modulation tuning, and an increase in phonemic representation, speaker normalization, speech-sensitivity, and response latency. We did not observe a difference between the two brain hemispheres. These findings reveal a functional role for HG in processing and transforming simple to complex acoustic features and informs neurophysiological models of speech processing in the human auditory cortex.

Temporal Encoding of the Voice Onset Time Phonetic Parameter by Field Potentials Recorded Directly From Human Auditory Cortex

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 2346-2357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell Steinschneider ◽  
Igor O. Volkov ◽  
M. Daniel Noh ◽  
P. Charles Garell ◽  
Matthew A. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Stop Consonant ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Stop Consonants ◽  
Field Potentials ◽  
Heschl’S Gyrus ◽  
Heschl's Gyrus

Voice onset time (VOT) is an important parameter of speech that denotes the time interval between consonant onset and the onset of low-frequency periodicity generated by rhythmic vocal cord vibration. Voiced stop consonants (/b/, /g/, and /d/) in syllable initial position are characterized by short VOTs, whereas unvoiced stop consonants (/p/, /k/, and t/) contain prolonged VOTs. As the VOT is increased in incremental steps, perception rapidly changes from a voiced stop consonant to an unvoiced consonant at an interval of 20–40 ms. This abrupt change in consonant identification is an example of categorical speech perception and is a central feature of phonetic discrimination. This study tested the hypothesis that VOT is represented within auditory cortex by transient responses time-locked to consonant and voicing onset. Auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) elicited by stop consonant-vowel (CV) syllables were recorded directly from Heschl's gyrus, the planum temporale, and the superior temporal gyrus in three patients undergoing evaluation for surgical remediation of medically intractable epilepsy. Voiced CV syllables elicited a triphasic sequence of field potentials within Heschl's gyrus. AEPs evoked by unvoiced CV syllables contained additional response components time-locked to voicing onset. Syllables with a VOT of 40, 60, or 80 ms evoked components time-locked to consonant release and voicing onset. In contrast, the syllable with a VOT of 20 ms evoked a markedly diminished response to voicing onset and elicited an AEP very similar in morphology to that evoked by the syllable with a 0-ms VOT. Similar response features were observed in the AEPs evoked by click trains. In this case, there was a marked decrease in amplitude of the transient response to the second click in trains with interpulse intervals of 20–25 ms. Speech-evoked AEPs recorded from the posterior superior temporal gyrus lateral to Heschl's gyrus displayed comparable response features, whereas field potentials recorded from three locations in the planum temporale did not contain components time-locked to voicing onset. This study demonstrates that VOT at least partially is represented in primary and specific secondary auditory cortical fields by synchronized activity time-locked to consonant release and voicing onset. Furthermore, AEPs exhibit features that may facilitate categorical perception of stop consonants, and these response patterns appear to be based on temporal processing limitations within auditory cortex. Demonstrations of similar speech-evoked response patterns in animals support a role for these experimental models in clarifying selected features of speech encoding.

scholarly journals Experience-dependent overrepresentation of ultrasonic vocalization frequencies in the rat primary auditory cortex

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 1087-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heesoo Kim ◽  
Shaowen Bao
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Ultrasonic Vocalization ◽  
Ultrasonic Vocalizations ◽  
Central Nucleus ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Species Specific

Cortical sensory representation is highly adaptive to the environment, and prevalent or behaviorally important stimuli are often overrepresented. One class of such stimuli is species-specific vocalizations. Rats vocalize in the ultrasonic range >30 kHz, but cortical representation of this frequency range has not been systematically examined. We recorded in vivo cortical electrophysiological responses to ultrasonic pure-tone pips, natural ultrasonic vocalizations, and pitch-shifted vocalizations to assess how rats represent this ethologically relevant frequency range. We find that nearly 40% of the primary auditory cortex (AI) represents an octave-wide band of ultrasonic vocalization frequencies (UVFs; 32–64 kHz) compared with <20% for other octave bands <32 kHz. These UVF neurons respond preferentially and reliably to ultrasonic vocalizations. The UVF overrepresentation matures in the cortex before it develops in the central nucleus of inferior colliculus, suggesting a cortical origin and corticofugal influences. Furthermore, the development of cortical UVF overrepresentation depends on early acoustic experience. These results indicate that natural sensory experience causes large-scale cortical map reorganization and improves representations of species-specific vocalizations.

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