scholarly journals Calibrated imaging reveals altered grey matter metabolism related to white matter microstructure and symptom severity in multiple sclerosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 5375-5390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Hubbard ◽  
Monroe P. Turner ◽  
Minhui Ouyang ◽  
Lyndahl Himes ◽  
Binu P. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
White Matter Microstructure

scholarly journals A higher proportion of ermin-immunopositive oligodendrocytes in areas of remyelination

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256155
Author(s):  
Intakhar Ahmad ◽  
Stig Wergeland ◽  
Eystein Oveland ◽  
Lars Bø
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Normal Appearing White Matter ◽  
The Brain

Incomplete remyelination is frequent in multiple sclerosis (MS)-lesions, but there is no established marker for recent remyelination. We investigated the role of the oligodendrocyte/myelin protein ermin in de- and remyelination in the cuprizone (CPZ) mouse model, and in MS. The density of ermin+ oligodendrocytes in the brain was significantly decreased after one week of CPZ exposure (p < 0.02). The relative proportion of ermin+ cells compared to cells positive for the late-stage oligodendrocyte marker Nogo-A increased at the onset of remyelination in the corpus callosum (p < 0.02). The density of ermin-positive cells increased in the corpus callosum during the CPZ-phase of extensive remyelination (p < 0.0001). In MS, the density of ermin+ cells was higher in remyelinated lesion areas compared to non-remyelinated areas both in white- (p < 0.0001) and grey matter (p < 0.0001) and compared to normal-appearing white matter (p < 0.001). Ermin immunopositive cells in MS-lesions were not immunopositive for the early-stage oligodendrocyte markers O4 and O1, but a subpopulation was immunopositive for Nogo-A. The data suggest a relatively higher proportion of ermin immunopositivity in oligodendrocytes compared to Nogo-A indicates recent or ongoing remyelination.

scholarly journals Association Between White Matter Microstructure and Verbal Fluency in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tal Blecher ◽  
Shmuel Miron ◽  
Galit Grimberg Schneider ◽  
Anat Achiron ◽  
Michal Ben-Shachar
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
White Matter Microstructure

Regional brain volumes, microstructure and neurodevelopment in moderate–late preterm children

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 593-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire E Kelly ◽  
Deanne K Thompson ◽  
Alicia J Spittle ◽  
Jian Chen ◽  
Marc L Seal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Developmental Outcomes ◽  
Late Preterm ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Regional Brain ◽  
White Matter Microstructure ◽  
Cortical Grey Matter

ObjectiveTo explore whether regional brain volume and white matter microstructure at term-equivalent age (TEA) are associated with development at 2 years of age in children born moderate–late preterm (MLPT).Study designA cohort of MLPT infants had brain MRI at approximately TEA (38–44 weeks’ postmenstrual age) and had a developmental assessment (Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development and Infant Toddler Social Emotional Assessment) at 2 years’ corrected age. Relationships between cortical grey matter and white matter volumes and 2-year developmental outcomes were explored using voxel-based morphometry. Relationships between diffusion tensor measures of white matter microstructure (fractional anisotropy (FA) and axial (AD), radial (RD) and mean (MD) diffusivities) and 2-year developmental outcomes were explored using tract-based spatial statistics.Results189 MLPT children had data from at least one MRI modality (volumetric or diffusion) and data for at least one developmental domain. Larger cortical grey and white matter volumes in many brain regions, and higher FA and lower AD, RD and MD in several major white matter regions, were associated with better cognitive and language scores. There was little evidence that cortical grey matter and white matter volumes and white matter microstructure were associated with motor and behavioural outcomes.ConclusionsRegional cortical grey matter and white matter volumes and white matter microstructure are associated with cognitive and language development at 2 years of age in MLPT children. Thus, early alterations to brain volumes and microstructure may contribute to some of the developmental deficits described in MLPT children.

scholarly journals Resting State Functional Connectivity is Directly Related to Clinical Presentation of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (14 Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S26.2-S27
Author(s):  
Teena Shetty ◽  
Joseph Nguyen ◽  
Esther Kim ◽  
George Skulikidis ◽  
Matthew Garvey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Severity Scores

ObjectiveTo determine the utility of fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (fALFF) during resting state fMRI (rs-fMRI) as an advanced neuroimaging biomarker for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI).BackgroundmTBI is defined by a constellation of functional rather than structural deficits. As a measure of functional connectivity, fALFF has been implicated in long-term outcomes post-mTBI. It is unclear however, how longitudinal changes in fALFF may relate to the clinical presentation of mTBI.Design/Methods111 patients and 32 controls (15–50 years old) were enrolled acutely after mTBI and followed with up to 4 standardized serial assessments. Patients were enrolled at either Encounter 1 (E1), within 72 hours, or Encounter 2 (E2), 5–10 days post-injury, and returned for Encounter 3 (E3) at 15–29 days and Encounter 4 (E4) at 83–97 days. Each encounter included a clinical exam, neuropsychological assessment, as well as rs-fMRI imaging. fALFF was analyzed independently in 14 functional networks and, in grey and white matter as a function of symptom severity. Symptom severity scores (SSS) ranged from 0–132 as defined by the SCAT2 symptom evaluation.ResultsIn mTBI patients, fALFF scores across 5 functional brain networks (language, sensorimotor, visuospatial, higher-order visual, and posterior salience) differed between mTBI patients with low versus high SSS (SSS <5 and >30, respectively). Overall, greater SSS were indexed by reduced connectivity (p < 0.03, Bonferroni corrected). Further analysis also identified corresponding network pairs which were most predictive of increased SSS. White matter fALFF was not correlated with symptom severity, however, decreased grey matter fALFF was significantly correlated with greater SSS (r = −0.25, p = 0.002).ConclusionsGrey matter fALFF was correlated with mTBI symptom burden suggesting that patterns of neural connectivity relate directly to the clinical presentation of mTBI. Furthermore, differences in functional network connectivity as a function of SSS may reflect which networks are implicated in recovery of mTBI.

Multi-parametric structural magnetic resonance imaging in relation to cognitive dysfunction in long-standing multiple sclerosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 608-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marita Daams ◽  
Martijn D Steenwijk ◽  
Menno M Schoonheim ◽  
Mike P Wattjes ◽  
Lisanne J Balk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
White Matter Damage ◽  
Diffuse White Matter ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
Deep Grey Matter ◽  
Imaging Markers

Background: Cognitive deficits are common in multiple sclerosis. Most previous studies investigating the imaging substrate of cognitive deficits in multiple sclerosis included patients with relatively short disease durations and were limited to one modality/brain region. Objective: To identify the strongest neuroimaging predictors for cognitive dysfunction in a large cohort of patients with long-standing multiple sclerosis. Methods: Extensive neuropsychological testing and multimodal 3.0T MRI was performed in 202 patients with multiple sclerosis and 52 controls. Cognitive scores were compared between groups using Z-scores. Whole-brain, white matter, grey matter, deep grey matter and lesion volumes; cortical thickness, (juxta)cortical and cerebellar lesions; and extent and severity of diffuse white matter damage were measured. Stepwise linear regression was used to identify the strongest predictors for cognitive dysfunction. Results: All cognitive domains were affected in patients. Patients showed extensive atrophy, focal pathology and damage in up to 75% of the investigated white matter. Associations between imaging markers and average cognition were two times stronger in cognitively impaired patients than in cognitively preserved patients. The final model for average cognition consisted of deep grey matter DGMV volume and fractional anisotropy severity (adjusted R²=0.490; p<0.001). Conclusion: From all imaging markers, deep grey matter atrophy and diffuse white matter damage emerged as the strongest predictors for cognitive dysfunction in long-standing multiple sclerosis.

Different white matter lesion characteristics correlate with distinct grey matter abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 687-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Furby ◽  
T Hayton ◽  
D Altmann ◽  
R Brenner ◽  
J Chataway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Progressive Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Secondary Degeneration ◽  
Secondary Progressive ◽  
Demyelinating Lesions ◽  
The Relationship

Background Although MRI measures of grey matter abnormality correlate with clinical disability in multiple sclerosis, it is uncertain whether grey matter abnormality measured on MRI is entirely due to a primary grey matter process or whether it is partly related to disease in the white matter. Methods To explore potential mechanisms of grey matter damage we assessed the relationship of white matter T2 lesion volume, T1 lesion volume, and mean lesion magnetisation transfer ratio (MTR), with MRI measures of tissue atrophy and MTR in the grey matter in 117 subjects with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Results Grey matter fraction and mean grey matter MTR were strongly associated with lesion volumes and lesion MTR mean ( r = ±0.63–0.72). In contrast, only weak to moderate correlations existed between white matter and lesion measures. In a stepwise regression model, T1 lesion volume was the only independent lesion correlate of grey matter fraction and accounted for 52% of the variance. Lesion MTR mean and T2 lesion volume were independent correlates of mean grey matter MTR, accounting for 57% of the variance. Conclusions Axonal transection within lesions with secondary degeneration into the grey matter may explain the relationship between T1 lesions and grey matter fraction. A parallel accumulation of demyelinating lesions in white and grey matter may contribute to the association of T2 lesion volume and lesion MTR with grey matter MTR.

White Matter Microstructure of the Human Mirror Neuron System is Related to Symptom Severity in Adults with Autism

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odette Fründt ◽  
Robert Schulz ◽  
Daniel Schöttle ◽  
Bastian Cheng ◽  
Götz Thomalla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Mirror Neuron System ◽  
Mirror Neuron ◽  
Adults With Autism ◽  
Neuron System ◽  
White Matter Microstructure

scholarly journals The effects of an aerobic training intervention on cognition, grey matter volumes and white matter microstructure

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
pp. 112923
Author(s):  
Claire E. Sexton ◽  
Jill F. Betts ◽  
Andrea Dennis ◽  
Aiden Doherty ◽  
Paul Leeson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Training Intervention ◽  
White Matter Microstructure

Contribution of cortical and white matter lesions to cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1290-1296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athina Papadopoulou ◽  
Nicole Müller-Lenke ◽  
Yvonne Naegelin ◽  
Gabriela Kalt ◽  
Kerstin Bendfeldt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Progressive Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Clinically Isolated Syndrome ◽  
Double Inversion Recovery ◽  
German Version ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Background: Cortical lesions (CLs) have been reported to be a better predictor for cognitive impairment than white matter (WM) lesions in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Objectives: The objectives of this article are to investigate the contribution of CLs and WM lesions to cognitive impairment in 91 patients with MS and clinically isolated syndrome, and to test potential associations of CLs and WM lesions with fatigue and depression. Methods: Lesions were scored and segmented on 3D double inversion recovery sequences, according to their location (cortical, WM). Normalised grey matter volume was also determined. Cognitive performance was assessed with the SDMT and PASAT-3, fatigue with the FSMC and depression with the German version of the CES-D. Results: CL volume did not correlate with fatigue or depression, but correlated significantly with both neuropsychological outcome measures: PASAT-3 ( r = −0.275, p = 0.009) and SDMT ( r = −0.377, p < 0.001). Multiple regression analyses with age, WM lesions, CLs and GM volume as independent variables, however, did not reveal CL volume as a significant predictor of neuropsychological outcomes, whereas WM lesion volume significantly predicted SDMT and by trend PASAT performance. Conclusions: These findings suggest a role of WM lesions in the development of cognitive deficits, especially information-processing speed, which may be higher than previously assumed. Abbreviations: CES-D: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (ADS-L: Allgemeine Depressions Skala-L, German version of CES-D), CIS: clinically isolated syndrome, CL: cortical lesion, DIR: double inversion recovery, EDSS: Expanded Disability Status Scale, FSMC: fatigue scale for motor and cognitive functions, GM: grey matter, MRI: magnetic resonance imaging, MS: multiple sclerosis, PASAT-3: paced auditory serial addition test 3s, PPMS: primary progressive multiple sclerosis, RRMS: relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis, SDMT: symbol digit modalities test, SPM: statistical parametric mapping, SPMS: secondary progressive multiple sclerosis, WM: white matter

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