scholarly journals Age-related mapping of intracortical myelin from late adolescence to middle adulthood using T1-weighted MRI

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Rowley ◽  
Manpreet Sehmbi ◽  
Pierre-Louis Bazin ◽  
Christine L. Tardif ◽  
Luciano Minuzzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Middle Adulthood ◽  
Age Related

Emotion regulation from early adolescence to emerging adulthood and middle adulthood

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Zimmermann ◽  
Alexandra Iwanski
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Middle Adulthood ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategy ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Age Range

Despite the growing research on emotion regulation, the empirical evidence for normative age-related emotion regulation patterns is rather divergent. From a life-span perspective, normative age changes in emotion regulation may be more salient applying the same methodological approach on a broad age range examining both growth and decline during development. In addition, emotion-specific developmental patterns might show differential developmental trends. The present study examined age differences in seven emotion regulation strategies from early adolescence (age 11) to middle adulthood (age 50) for the three emotions of sadness, fear, and anger. The results showed specific developmental changes in the use of emotion regulation strategies for each of the three emotions. In addition, results suggest age-specific increases and decreases in many emotion regulation strategies, with a general trend to increasing adaptive emotion regulation. Specifically, middle adolescence shows the smallest emotion regulation strategy repertoire. Gender differences appeared for most emotion regulation strategies. The findings suggest that the development of emotion regulation should be studied in an emotion-specific manner, as a perspective solely on general emotion regulation either under- or overestimates existing emotion-specific developmental changes.

scholarly journals Relations of Executive Function and Physical Performance in Middle Adulthood: A Prospective Investigation in African American and White Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. e56-e68
Author(s):  
Daniel K Leibel ◽  
Megan R Williams ◽  
Leslie I Katzel ◽  
Michele K Evans ◽  
Alan B Zonderman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Middle Adulthood ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Lower Extremity Strength ◽  
Performance Decline

Abstract Objectives Previous studies in older adults found robust associations between executive functions (EF) and physical performance, as well as sociodemographic variation in physical performance decline. To examine these associations earlier in the adult lifespan, we investigated relations of EF, race, and sex with age-related physical performance decline during middle adulthood. Method Participants were 2,084 urban-dwelling adults (57.2% female; 57.8% African American; 37.3% living in poverty; mean baseline age = 48.1) from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study. Mixed-effects regression was used to examine interactive relations among EF, race, sex, and age (indexing time) with change in dominant and nondominant handgrip strength and lower extremity strength over approximately 5 years. All analyses adjusted for poverty status, and subsequently adjusted for education, body mass index, hypertension, and diabetes. Results There were no significant prospective associations between EF and decline in physical performance measures. Significant cross-sectional associations revealed that lower EF was associated with worse performance on all physical performance measures averaged across both time points (p < .05). A significant two-way interaction of Sex × Age (p = .019) revealed that men experienced greater age-related decline in lower extremity strength than women. Discussion Findings did not reveal prospective associations between EF and physical performance decline in middle adulthood. However, they identified robust cross-sectional associations between EF and physical performance, and unexpectedly greater decline in lower extremity strength in men than women. Ultimately, these findings may inform prevention and intervention strategies targeting groups at risk for poorer physical function status and decline.

Measuring interpersonal forgiveness in late adolescence and middle adulthood

1995 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 641-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Subkoviak ◽  
Robert D. Enright ◽  
Ching-Ru Wu ◽  
Elizabeth A. Gassin ◽  
Suzanne Freedman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Middle Adulthood ◽  
Interpersonal Forgiveness

scholarly journals Lexical learning shapes the development of speech perception until late adolescence

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew H. Davis ◽  
Samuel Evans ◽  
Kathleen McCarthy ◽  
Lindsey Evans ◽  
Anastasia Giannakopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Perceptual Task ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Language Experience ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cartoon Characters ◽  
Perceptual Acuity

The role of neurobiologically-constrained critical periods for language learning remains controversial. We provide new evidence for critical periods by examining speech sound processing across the lifespan. We tested perceptual acuity for minimal word-word (e.g. bear-pear), and word-pseudoword (e.g. bag-pag) pairs using trial-unique audio-morphed speech tokens. Participants (N=1537) performed a 3-interval, 2-alternative forced-choice perceptual task indicating which of two cartoon characters said a referent word correctly. We adaptively reduced the contrastive acoustic cues in speech tokens to measure the Proportion of Acoustic Difference Required for Identification (PADRI) at 79.4% correct. Results showed effects of age, lexical context, and language experience on perceptual acuity. However, for native-listeners responding to word-word trials, age-related improvements stopped at 16.7 years. This finding suggests a role for continued lexical experience in shaping perceptual acuity for spoken words until late adolescence consistent with interactive models of speech perception and critical periods.

Location Negative Priming May Be Abolished in Older Age

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Metzler
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Negative Priming ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Cognitive Inhibition ◽  
Middle Adulthood ◽  
Ageing Research ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cognitive Failure ◽  
Considerable Problem

The present study highlights with the example of location negative priming (LNP) a considerable problem in ageing research, namely the lack of consistent replication of age-related effects on measures of cognitive inhibition. Only a few studies have investigated the effects of ageing on LNP with the overall conclusion that LNP remains largely intact in older adults. In contrast, the two experiments presented here demonstrated a significant abolition of LNP in older relative to younger participants. LNP was a robust effect over early and middle adulthood (19 years - 59 years) but declined from the age of 60 years onwards. Moreover, this effect could not be accounted for by psychometric variables that have been associated with impaired negative priming (dementia, depression, schizotypy, cognitive failure). Thus, the present data provide evidence that LNP can be severely diminished in older adults. It is suggested that discrepancies to previous studies might have arisen due to differences in the educational level of participants in different studies.

154 Cortical thickness and sleep slow wave activity mediates age-related improvements in cognition during late adolescence

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A63-A63
Author(s):  
Ju Lynn Ong ◽  
Azrin Jamaluddin ◽  
Ruth Leong ◽  
June Lo ◽  
Michael Chee
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Slow Wave Activity ◽  
Brain Maturation ◽  
Single Measure ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Global Cognition

Abstract Introduction Adolescence is a period of rapid brain maturation, and studies have independently documented reductions in cortical thickness, reduced sleep slow wave activity (0.5-4Hz), and improved cognition as a child transitions into adulthood. In the present work, we investigate whether these factors interact in late adolescence. Methods 114 adolescents aged 15-19y (52 males) underwent a structural MRI scan, polysomnography (PSG) and a series of cognitive tests assessing fluid intelligence, sustained attention, speed of processing and working memory. As sleep history has been known to affect EEG measures of slow wave activity, actigraphic recordings ensured that participants received 9h of night the week prior to the PSG session. Cognitive scores were combined to obtain a single measure of global cognition. For assessment of cortical thickness, the Freesurfer (v5.3) pipeline was used to obtain measures for all regions of interest from the Desikan-Killiany cortical atlas. Pearson correlations were conducted to independently confirm associations between aging and reductions in cortical thickness, slow wave activity and improved global cognition, controlling for sex. Finally, a serial mediation model (SPSS PROCESS Model 6) was performed to test the mediating role of cortical thickness and slow wave activity between aging and global cognition. Results Reductions in EEG sleep slow wave activity, cortical thickness and improved global cognition was observed with increasing age, likely representing synaptic pruning and a decrease in waking metabolic activity that contributes to increased overall neural efficiency. Regions in the temporal and parietal areas showed the steepest age-related reductions. In addition, the age-related improvement in cognition was found to be mediated by both cortical thinning as well as reduced SWA activity, particularly in the middle temporal cortex. Conclusion The adolescent brain undergoes rapid growth in preparation for adulthood. Cortical restructuring through pruning of neural circuits during this period is associated with reduced slow wave activity, mediating the age-related improvement in cognition. Future work should investigate whether insults to the brain during this critical period alters this trajectory. Support (if any) This work was supported by grants awarded to Michael Chee (NMRC/STaR/015/2013, NRF2016-SOL002-001 and the Far East Organization).

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