scholarly journals Age differences in the motor control of speech: An fMRI study of healthy aging

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 2751-2771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascale Tremblay ◽  
Marc Sato ◽  
Isabelle Deschamps
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Fmri Study

scholarly journals Online proprioception feeds plasticity of arm representation following tool-use in healthy aging

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salam Bahmad ◽  
Luke E. Miller ◽  
Minh Tu Pham ◽  
Richard Moreau ◽  
Romeo Salemme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Tool Use ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Kinematic Pattern ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Proprioceptive Inputs

Abstract Following tool-use, the kinematics of free-hand movements are altered. This modified kinematic pattern has been taken as a behavioral hallmark of the modification induced by tool-use on the effector representation. Proprioceptive inputs appear central in updating the estimated effector state. Here we questioned whether online proprioceptive modality that is accessed in real time, or offline, memory-based, proprioception is responsible for this update. Since normal aging affects offline proprioception only, we examined a group of 60 year-old adults for proprioceptive acuity and movement’s kinematics when grasping an object before and after tool-use. As a control, participants performed the same movements with a weight—equivalent to the tool—weight-attached to their wrist. Despite hampered offline proprioceptive acuity, 60 year-old participants exhibited the typical kinematic signature of tool incorporation: Namely, the latency of transport components peaks was longer and their amplitude reduced after tool-use. Instead, we observed no kinematic modifications in the control condition. In addition, online proprioception acuity correlated with tool incorporation, as indexed by the amount of kinematics changes observed after tool-use. Altogether, these findings point to the prominent role played by online proprioception in updating the body estimate for the motor control of tools.

Do We Have a “Mental Syllabary” in the Brain? An fMRI Study

Motor Control ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Brendel ◽  
Michael Erb ◽  
Axel Riecker ◽  
Wolfgang Grodd ◽  
Hermann Ackermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Frequency Effect ◽  
Speech Motor Control ◽  
Motor Execution ◽  
Syllable Frequency ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Speech Motor

The present study combines functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and reaction time (RT) measurements to further elucidate the influence of syllable frequency and complexity on speech motor control processes, i.e., overt reading of pseudowords. Tying in with a recent fMRI-study of our group we focused on the concept of a mental syllabary housing syllable sized ready-made motor plans for high- (HF), but not low-frequency (LF) syllables. The RT-analysis disclosed a frequency effect weakened by a simultaneous complexity effect for HF-syllables. In contrast, the fMRI data revealed no effect of syllable frequency, but point to an impact of syllable structure: Compared with CV-items, syllables with a complex onset (CCV) yielded higher hemodynamic activation in motor “execution” areas (left sensorimotor cortex, right inferior cerebellum), which is at least partially compatible with our previous study. We discuss the role of the syllable in speech motor control.

scholarly journals Impaired Processing of 3D Motion-Defined Faces in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Healthy Aging: An fMRI Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2489-2499 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Graewe ◽  
R. Lemos ◽  
C. Ferreira ◽  
I. Santana ◽  
R. Farivar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
3D Motion ◽  
Fmri Study

scholarly journals Connectome-based Modeling of Mnemonic Discrimination in Younger and Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher N Wahlheim ◽  
Alexander P Christensen ◽  
Zachariah M Reagh ◽  
Brittany S Cassidy
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Discrimination Ability ◽  
Core Feature ◽  
Predictive Relationship ◽  
Novel Associations

The ability to distinguish existing memories from similar perceptual experiences is a core feature of episodic memory. This ability is often examined using the Mnemonic Similarity Task in which people discriminate memories of studied objects from perceptually similar lures. Studies of the neural basis of such mnemonic discrimination have focused on hippocampal function and connectivity. However, default mode network (DMN) connectivity may also support such discrimination, given that the DMN includes the hippocampus, and its connectivity supports many aspects of episodic memory. Here, we used connectome-based modeling to identify associations between intrinsic DMN connectivity and mnemonic discrimination. We leveraged established discrimination deficits in older adults to test whether such age differences moderate network-wide relationships. Resting-state functional connectivity in the DMN predicted mnemonic discrimination ability outside the MRI scanner, especially among prefrontal and temporal regions and including several hippocampal regions. This predictive relationship was stronger for younger than older adults, with age differences primarily reflecting older adults' weaker temporal-prefrontal connectivity. These novel associations suggest that broader cortical networks including the hippocampus support mnemonic discrimination. They also suggest that disruptions within the DMN that emerge in healthy aging undermine the extent that the DMN supports this ability. These findings provide the first indication of how intrinsic functional properties of the DMN support mnemonic discrimination.

scholarly journals The Aging Brain and Executive Functions Revisited: Implications from Meta-Analytic and Functional-Connectivity Evidence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa K. Heckner ◽  
Edna C. Cieslik ◽  
Simon B. Eickhoff ◽  
Julia A. Camilleri ◽  
Felix Hoffstaedter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Attentional Focus ◽  
Functional Coupling ◽  
General Role ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Meta Analyses

AbstractHealthy aging is associated with changes in cognitive performance including executive functions (EFs) and their associated brain activation patterns. However, it has remained unclear which EF-related brain regions are affected consistently, because the results of pertinent neuroimaging studies and earlier meta-analyses vary considerably. We, therefore, conducted new rigorous meta-analyses of published age differences in EF-related brain activity. Out of a larger set of regions associated with EFs, only left inferior frontal junction (IFJ) and left anterior cuneus/precuneus (aC/PrC) were found to show consistent age differences. To further characterize these two age-sensitive regions, we performed seed-based resting-state functional connectivity (RS-FC) analyses using fMRI data from a large adult sample with a wide age range. We also assessed associations of the two regions’ whole-brain RS-FC patterns with age and EF performance. Although functional profiling and RS-FC analyses point towards a domain-general role of left IFJ in EFs, the pattern of individual study contributions to the meta-analytic results suggests process-specific modulations by age. Our analyses further indicate that left aC/PrC is recruited differently by older (compared to younger) adults during EF tasks, potentially reflecting inefficiencies in switching the attentional focus. Overall, our findings question earlier meta-analytic results and suggest a larger heterogeneity of age-related differences in brain activity associated with EFs. Hence, they encourage future research that pays greater attention to replicability, investigates age-related differences in deactivation, and focuses on more narrowly defined EF subprocesses, combining multiple behavioral assessments with multi-modal imaging.Highlights- Healthy aging is linked to deterioration in executive functions (EFs)- ALE meta-analyses examined consistent age differences in brain activity linked to EFs- In a larger set of EF regions, only left IFJ and (pre)cuneus were sensitive to age- Advanced age was linked to weaker functional coupling within EF-related networks- Our findings question earlier meta-analytic findings

scholarly journals Resource-rational approach to meta-control problems across the lifespan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexa Ruel ◽  
Sean Devine ◽  
Ben Eppinger
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Control Problems ◽  
Behavioral Strategies ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Better Than

Over the last decade, research on cognitive control and decision-making has revealed that individuals weigh the costs and benefits of engaging in or refraining from control and that whether and how they engage in these cost-benefit analyses may change across development and during healthy aging. In the present article, we examine how lifespan age differences in cognitive abilities affect the meta-control of behavioral strategies across the lifespan and how motivation affects these trade-offs. Based on accumulated evidence, we highlight two hypotheses that may explain the existing results better than current models. In contrast to previous theoretical accounts, we assume that age differences in the engagement in cost-benefit trade-offs reflect a resource-rational adaptation to internal and external constraints that arise across the lifespan.

scholarly journals Age Differences in the Efficiency of Filtering and Ignoring Distraction in Visual Working Memory

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 556
Author(s):  
Mariana R. Maniglia ◽  
Alessandra S. Souza
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Continuous Scale ◽  
Single Feature

Healthy aging is associated with decline in the ability to maintain visual information in working memory (WM). We examined whether this decline can be explained by decreases in the ability to filter distraction during encoding or to ignore distraction during memory maintenance. Distraction consisted of irrelevant objects (Exp. 1) or irrelevant features of an object (Exp. 2). In Experiment 1, participants completed a spatial WM task requiring remembering locations on a grid. During encoding or during maintenance, irrelevant distractor positions were presented. In Experiment 2, participants encoded either single-feature (colors or orientations) or multifeature objects (colored triangles) and later reproduced one of these features using a continuous scale. In multifeature blocks, a precue appeared before encoding or a retrocue appeared during memory maintenance indicating with 100% certainty to the to-be-tested feature, thereby enabling filtering and ignoring of the irrelevant (not-cued) feature, respectively. There were no age-related deficits in the efficiency of filtering and ignoring distractor objects (Exp. 1) and of filtering irrelevant features (Exp. 2). Both younger and older adults could not ignore irrelevant features when cued with a retrocue. Overall, our results provide no evidence for an aging deficit in using attention to manage visual WM.

scholarly journals Effects of Healthy Aging on Hippocampal and Rhinal Memory Functions: An Event-Related fMRI Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 1771-1782 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Daselaar ◽  
M. S. Fleck ◽  
I. G. Dobbins ◽  
D. J. Madden ◽  
R. Cabeza
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Memory Functions ◽  
Fmri Study
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