scholarly journals Functional connectivity at rest is sensitive to individual differences in executive function: A network analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 2959-2975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew E. Reineberg ◽  
Marie T. Banich
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Network Analysis

Inter-Individual Differences in Striatal Connectivity Is Related to Executive Function Through Fronto-Parietal Connectivity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahimeh Darki ◽  
Bruno Sauce ◽  
Torkel Klingberg ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Dorsal Striatum ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Memory Inhibition

Abstract The striatum has long been associated with cognitive functions, but the mechanisms behind this are still unclear. Here we tested a new hypothesis that the striatum contributes to executive function (EF) by strengthening cortico-cortical connections. Striatal connectivity was evaluated by measuring the resting-state functional connectivity between ventral and dorsal striatum in 570 individuals, aged 3–20 years. Using structural equation modeling, we found that inter-individual differences in striatal connectivity had an indirect effect (via fronto-parietal functional connectivity) and a direct effect on a compound EF measure of working memory, inhibition, and set-shifting/flexibility. The effect of fronto-parietal connectivity on cognition did not depend on age: the influence was as strong in older as younger children. In contrast, striatal connectivity was closely related to changes in cognitive ability during childhood development, suggesting a specific role of the striatum in cognitive plasticity. These results support a new principle for striatal functioning, according to which striatum promotes cognitive development by strengthening of cortico-cortical connectivity.

scholarly journals Early intervention and the growth of children's fluid intelligence: A cognitive developmental perspective

2006 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth M. Ford
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Early Intervention ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Developmental Perspective ◽  
Effective Intervention ◽  
General Development ◽  
Developmental Theories ◽  
The Mind

From the stance of cognitive developmental theories, claims that general g is an entity of the mind are compatible with notions about domain-general development and age-invariant individual differences. Whether executive function is equated with general g or fluid g, research into the mechanisms by which development occurs is essential to elucidate the kinds of environmental inputs that engender effective intervention.

scholarly journals The combined effects of prenatal drug exposure and early adversity on neurobehavioral disinhibition in childhood and adolescence

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 777-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip A. Fisher ◽  
Barry M. Lester ◽  
David S. DeGarmo ◽  
Linda L. Lagasse ◽  
Hai Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Early Adversity ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Prenatal Substance Exposure ◽  
Substance Exposure ◽  
Behavioral Dysregulation ◽  
Prenatal Drug Use ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

AbstractThe negative effects of prenatal substance exposure on neurobiological and psychological development and of early adversity are clear, but little is known about their combined effects. In this study, multilevel analyses of the effects of prenatal substance exposure and early adversity on the emergence of neurobehavioral disinhibition in adolescence were conducted. Neurobehavioral disinhibition has previously been observed to occur frequently in multiproblem youth from high-risk backgrounds. In the present study, neurobehavioral disinhibition was assessed via behavioral dysregulation and poor executive function composite measures. Data were drawn from a prospective longitudinal investigation of prenatal substance exposure that included 1,073 participants followed from birth through adolescence. The results from latent growth modeling analyses showed mean stability but significant individual differences in behavioral dysregulation and mean decline with individual differences in executive function difficulties. Prior behavioral dysregulation predicted increased executive function difficulties. Prenatal drug use predicted the emergence and growth in neurobehavioral disinhibition across adolescence (directly for behavioral dysregulation and indirectly for executive function difficulties via early adversity and behavioral dysregulation). Prenatal drug use and early adversity exhibited unique effects on growth in behavioral dysregulation; early adversity uniquely predicted executive function difficulties. These results are discussed in terms of implications for theory development, social policy, and prevention science.

Executive Function Subgroups of PTSD Have Differentiable Functional Connectivity and Symptom Chronicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. S104-S105
Author(s):  
Audreyana Jagger-Rickels ◽  
Travis Evans ◽  
Anna Stumps ◽  
David Rothlein ◽  
Francesca Fortenbaugh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Functional Connectivity
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