scholarly journals A potential role for the midbrain in integrating fat-free mass determined energy needs: An H215O PET study

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 2406-2415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Weise ◽  
Pradeep Thiyyagura ◽  
Eric M. Reiman ◽  
Kewei Chen ◽  
Jonathan Krakoff
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
H215o Pet

Fat-Free Mass Changes During Ketogenic Diets and the Potential Role of Resistance Training

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant M. Tinsley ◽  
Darryn S. Willoughby
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Mass Measurement ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Ketogenic Diets ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

Low-carbohydrate and very-low-carbohydrate diets are often used as weight-loss strategies by exercising individuals and athletes. Very-low-carbohydrate diets can lead to a state of ketosis, in which the concentration of blood ketones (acetoacetate, 3-β-hydroxybutyrate, and acetone) increases as a result of increased fatty acid breakdown and activity of ketogenic enzymes. A potential concern of these ketogenic diets, as with other weight-loss diets, is the potential loss of fat-free mass (e.g., skeletal muscle). On examination of the literature, the majority of studies report decreases in fat-free mass in individuals following a ketogenic diet. However, some confounding factors exist, such as the use of aggressive weight-loss diets and potential concerns with fat-free mass measurement. A limited number of studies have examined combining resistance training with ketogenic diets, and further research is needed to determine whether resistance training can effectively slow or stop the loss of fat-free mass typically seen in individuals following a ketogenic diet. Mechanisms underlying the effects of a ketogenic diet on fat-free mass and the results of implementing exercise interventions in combination with this diet should also be examined.

scholarly journals Ocean Renewable Energy’s Potential Role in Supplying Future Electrical Energy Needs

Oceanography ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Thresher ◽  
Walter Musial
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Needs

Case Study of Training, Fitness, and Nourishment of a Dog Driver during the Iditarod 1049-Mile Dogsled Race

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Cox ◽  
Steven Gaskill ◽  
Brent Ruby ◽  
Sharon Uhlig
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Sled Dog ◽  
Present Case Study

The purpose of the present case study was threefold: (a) to estimate intake and expenditure of a dog driver (musher) while participating in the Iditarod, (b) to determine the hydration status of the musher at the completion of the event, and (c) to evaluate training related changes in aerobic capacity and body composition of a long-distance dog sled driver in preparation for and following completion of a 1049-mile (1692-km) sled dog race. Actual energy intake during the Iditarod Sled Dog Race was estimated at 8,921 kilojoules (kJ) per day. Nutrient intake expressed as percentage kJ of total energy (14%, 44% and 42% for protein, carbohydrates, and fat, respectively). Weight loss of .72 kg of body weight indicated an energy deficit of 1819 kJ per day during the race. Total energy needs per day were calculated to be 10,740 kJ/day. An increase in hematocrit and hemoglobin during the race may indicate dehydration during the event. There was an improvement in aerobic fitness during on-snow training as determined by ventilatory threshold and VO2peak data. Fat-free mass was maintained during training (46.4 kg), with a concomitant decrease in fat (2.4 kg). Fat-free mass was also maintained during the 12-day race.

scholarly journals Hypogonadism in male infants and adolescents: new androgen formulations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Chioma ◽  
Marco Cappa
Keyword(s):  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Delayed Puberty ◽  
Testosterone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Male Hypogonadism ◽  
Adult Males

Background Male hypogonadism may be associated with micropenis and cryptorchidism in newborn, absent or incomplete pubertal development when it occurs during childhood. During puberty, androgen replacement therapy plays a pivotal role in subjects with hypogonadism to induce sexual maturation, growth acceleration, anabolic effects on fat-free mass growth increasing muscle strength, directly and indirectly on the attainment of peak bone mass in young men. Moreover, in newborns with congenital hypogonadism, androgen therapy could be effective to increase genital size. Summary Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) represents the cornerstone of the management of hypogonadism in boys. During puberty, replacement therapy needs to be modulated with gradual dosing increase to better mimic the physiologic pubertal development. Currently, intramuscular testosterone esters (in particular testosterone enanthate, TE) and subcutaneous testosterone pellets are the only formulations approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for delayed puberty, while no preparation is approved for long-term use in the adolescent age. Several new testosterone (T) formulations (as transdermal, nasal, subcutaneous, and oral formulation) are recently developed to improve the pharmacokinetic profile and to ease the administration route increasing patient compliance in adult males with hypogonadism. All these formulations are not approved for pediatric age, although some of them are used as “off-label” regimens. This special issue is aimed to illustrate new T formulations and their potential role as replacement therapy in the pediatric population, as well as to highlight investigational areas to contribute to health care improvement in these patients. Key Messages. Despite the lack of evidence-based guidelines regarding the choice of T formulation in the pediatric population, new formulations appear to have a potential role for TRT in adolescent age. They have been designed for adult age with a little flexibility of dosage, although a few formulations may be attractive for pubertal induction and penile enlargement thanks to their greater flexibility and easing of administration. On the other hand, long-acting and stable formulations could meet post-pubertal needs, increasing TRT compliance in a critical phase as the adolescent age. Further controlled, long-term safety, and efficacy studies for all these new T formulations within the pediatric population are needed.

POPDC proteins and cardiac function

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1393-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Brand
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Disease Genes ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Interaction Partners ◽  
And Function

Abstract The Popeye domain-containing gene family encodes a novel class of cAMP effector proteins in striated muscle tissue. In this short review, we first introduce the protein family and discuss their structure and function with an emphasis on their role in cyclic AMP signalling. Another focus of this review is the recently discovered role of POPDC genes as striated muscle disease genes, which have been associated with cardiac arrhythmia and muscular dystrophy. The pathological phenotypes observed in patients will be compared with phenotypes present in null and knockin mutations in zebrafish and mouse. A number of protein–protein interaction partners have been discovered and the potential role of POPDC proteins to control the subcellular localization and function of these interacting proteins will be discussed. Finally, we outline several areas, where research is urgently needed.

The Effect of Path Length and Display Size on Memory for Spatial Information

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Guérard ◽  
Sébastien Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Path Length ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Recall Performance ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Length Effect ◽  
Serial Memory ◽  
Fixed Reference ◽  
A Minor

In serial memory for spatial information, some studies showed that recall performance suffers when the distance between successive locations increases relatively to the size of the display in which they are presented (the path length effect; e.g., Parmentier et al., 2005) but not when distance is increased by enlarging the size of the display (e.g., Smyth & Scholey, 1994). In the present study, we examined the effect of varying the absolute and relative distance between to-be-remembered items on memory for spatial information. We manipulated path length using small (15″) and large (64″) screens within the same design. In two experiments, we showed that distance was disruptive mainly when it is varied relatively to a fixed reference frame, though increasing the size of the display also had a small deleterious effect on recall. The insertion of a retention interval did not influence these effects, suggesting that rehearsal plays a minor role in mediating the effects of distance on serial spatial memory. We discuss the potential role of perceptual organization in light of the pattern of results.

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