scholarly journals A phase synchrony measure for quantifying dynamic functional integration in the brain

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selin Aviyente ◽  
Edward M. Bernat ◽  
Westley S. Evans ◽  
Scott R. Sponheim
Keyword(s):  
Functional Integration ◽  
Phase Synchrony ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Synchrony Measure

scholarly journals The unbalanced reorganization of weaker functional connections induces the altered brain network topology in schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossana Mastrandrea ◽  
Fabrizio Piras ◽  
Andrea Gabrielli ◽  
Nerisa Banaj ◽  
Guido Caldarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Functional Integration ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Modular Organization ◽  
Node Degree ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Brain Disorder ◽  
Functional Connections ◽  
The Brain

AbstractNetwork neuroscience shed some light on the functional and structural modifications occurring to the brain associated with the phenomenology of schizophrenia. In particular, resting-state functional networks have helped our understanding of the illness by highlighting the global and local alterations within the cerebral organization. We investigated the robustness of the brain functional architecture in 44 medicated schizophrenic patients and 40 healthy comparators through an advanced network analysis of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data. The networks in patients showed more resistance to disconnection than in healthy controls, with an evident discrepancy between the two groups in the node degree distribution computed along a percolation process. Despite a substantial similarity of the basal functional organization between the two groups, the expected hierarchy of healthy brains' modular organization is crumbled in schizophrenia, showing a peculiar arrangement of the functional connections, characterized by several topologically equivalent backbones. Thus, the manifold nature of the functional organization’s basal scheme, together with its altered hierarchical modularity, may be crucial in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. This result fits the disconnection hypothesis that describes schizophrenia as a brain disorder characterized by an abnormal functional integration among brain regions.

scholarly journals FMRI Functional Connectivity Evaluation in Alzheimer’s Stages: Linear and Non-Linear Approaches

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hessam Ahmadi ◽  
Emad Fatemizadeh ◽  
Ali Motie Nasrabadi
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Permutation Test ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Functional Integration ◽  
Clustering Coefficient ◽  
Kernel Trick ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Neuroimaging data analysis reveals the underlying interactions in the brain. It is essential, yet controversial, to choose a proper tool to manifest brain functional connectivity. In this regard, researchers have not reached a definitive conclusion between the linear and non-linear approaches, as both have pros and cons. In this study, to evaluate this concern, the functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data of different stages of Alzheimer’s disease are investigated. In the linear approach, the Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC) is employed as a common technique to generate brain functional graphs. On the other hand, for non-linear approaches, two methods including Distance Correlation (DC) and the kernel trick are utilized. By the use of the three mentioned routines and graph theory, functional brain networks of all stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are constructed and then sparsed. Afterwards, graph global measures are calculated over the networks and a non-parametric permutation test is conducted. Results reveal that the non-linear approaches have more potential to discriminate groups in all stages of AD. Moreover, the kernel trick method is more powerful in comparison to the DC technique. Nevertheless, AD degenerates the brain functional graphs more at the beginning stages of the disease. At the first phase, both functional integration and segregation of the brain degrades, and as AD progressed brain functional segregation further declines. The most distinguishable feature in all stages is the clustering coefficient that reflects brain functional segregation.

Abnormal resting-state brain activity and connectivity of brain-bladder control network in overactive bladder syndrome

2021 ◽  
pp. 028418512110572
Author(s):  
Wang Biao ◽  
Zuo Long ◽  
Zhou Yang ◽  
Gu Hua ◽  
Wang Shuangkun
Keyword(s):  
Overactive Bladder ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Functional Integration ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Control Network ◽  
Bladder Control ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Left Insula

Background Neuroimaging studies have shown that the brain is involved in the mechanism of overactive bladder disease (OAB). Purpose To explorer spatial patterns of spontaneous neural activities and functional integration in patients with OAB. Material and Methods In total, 28 patients with OAB and 28 matched healthy controls (HC) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and completed questionnaires to assess clinical symptoms. The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and ROI-based functional connectivity (FC) within the brain-bladder control network (BBCN) were calculated and compared between the two groups using a two-sample t-test. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between ALFF and the clinical score of patients with OAB. Results Compared with HCs, patients with OAB exhibited significantly decreased ALFF in the left superior medial middle gyrus (SFGmed) and superior dorsal frontal gyrus (SFGdor), and increased ALFF in the right hippocampus. Furthermore, ALFF values in the left SFGmed were negatively correlated with OABSS scores. FC in patients with OAB was significantly increased between the bilateral caudate nucleus (CAU) and bilateral SFGdor, the bilateral CAU and bilateral supplementary motor area (SMA), the bilateral thalamus and SMA; the left CAU and bilateral SFGmed, the left CAU and bilateral anterior cingulate gyrus, and the left CAU and left insula. Additionally, decreased FC was found between the bilateral amygdala and bilateral SFGmed and the left SMA and left insula. Conclusion These abnormal activities and connectivities of BBCN may indicate impaired cortical control of micturition in OAB, suggesting a possible neural mechanism of OAB.

scholarly journals Combined Parietal-Insular-Striatal Cortex Stroke with New-Onset Hallucinations: Supporting the Salience Network Model of Schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Saheba Nanda ◽  
Krishna Priya ◽  
Tasmia Khan ◽  
Puja Patel ◽  
Heela Azizi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Integration ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Salience Network ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Cortical Circuit ◽  
The Brain ◽  
New Onset

Brain imaging studies have identified multiple neuronal networks and circuits in the brain with altered functioning in patients with schizophrenia. These include the hippocampo-cerebello-cortical circuit, the prefrontal-thalamic-cerebellar circuit, functional integration in the bilateral caudate nucleus, and the salience network consisting of the insular cortex, parietal anterior cingulate cortex, and striatum, as well as limbic structures. Attributing psychotic symptoms to any of these networks in schizophrenia is confounded by the disruption of these networks in schizophrenic patients. Such attribution can be done with isolated dysfunction in any of these networks with concurrent psychotic symptoms. We present the case of a patient who presents with new-onset hallucinations and a stroke in brain regions similar to the salience network (insular cortex, parietal cortex, and striatum). The implication of these findings in isolating psychotic symptoms of the salience network is discussed.

Pavlov, Penfield, and the physiology of the mind

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 575-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Leblanc
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Reflex ◽  
Functional Integration ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Conditioned Reflexes ◽  
Temporal Lobes ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

Wilder Penfield's contributions to the structure–function relationships of the brain are well-known. Less well-known is the influence that Ivan Pavlov and the conditioned reflex had on Penfield's understanding of epileptogenesis, and on his concept of the acquisition of memories, language, and perception—what Penfield referred to as the physiology of the mind. Penfield invoked conditioned reflexes to explain responses to electrocortical stimulation of the temporal lobes that encompass memory, perception, and affect. Penfield referred to these responses as experiential phenomena since he considered that they constituted a record of past experiences. Penfield also invoked the conditioned reflex to explain the acquisition of the interpretive aspects of written and spoken language in the dominant temporal cortex. This article describes and discusses these neglected aspects of Penfield's work, and how they contributed to a broader understanding of the functional integration of the temporal cortex and the limbic system.

P15-2 Functional integration of the brain after detection of rare target stimuli — a depth EEG study

2010 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. S191
Author(s):  
M. Brazdil ◽  
J. Janecek ◽  
R. Roman ◽  
P. Jurak ◽  
J. Chladek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Integration ◽  
The Brain

Regions, systems, and the brain: Hierarchical measures of functional integration in fMRI

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 484-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
G MARRELEC ◽  
P BELLEC ◽  
A KRAINIK ◽  
H DUFFAU ◽  
M PELEGRINIISSAC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Integration ◽  
The Brain
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