scholarly journals Functional and anatomical connectivity abnormalities in left inferior frontal gyrus in schizophrenia

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 4138-4151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bumseok Jeong ◽  
Cynthia G. Wible ◽  
Ryu-Ichiro Hashimoto ◽  
Marek Kubicki
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Anatomical Connectivity ◽  
Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Functional And Anatomical Connectivity

Combining functional and anatomical connectivity reveals brain networks for auditory language comprehension

NeuroImage ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 3187-3197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothee Saur ◽  
Björn Schelter ◽  
Susanne Schnell ◽  
David Kratochvil ◽  
Hanna Küpper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Anatomical Connectivity ◽  
Functional And Anatomical Connectivity

scholarly journals Syntactic Complexity and Frequency in the Neurocognitive Language System

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1605-1620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Hsuan Yang ◽  
William D. Marslen-Wilson ◽  
Mirjana Bozic
Keyword(s):  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Frequency Effect ◽  
Syntactic Complexity ◽  
Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Frequent Items

Prominent neurobiological models of language follow the widely accepted assumption that language comprehension requires two principal mechanisms: a lexicon storing the sound-to-meaning mapping of words, primarily involving bilateral temporal regions, and a combinatorial processor for syntactically structured items, such as phrases and sentences, localized in a left-lateralized network linking left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) and posterior temporal areas. However, recent research showing that the processing of simple phrasal sequences may engage only bilateral temporal areas, together with the claims of distributional approaches to grammar, raise the question of whether frequent phrases are stored alongside individual words in temporal areas. In this fMRI study, we varied the frequency of words and of short and long phrases in English. If frequent phrases are indeed stored, then only less frequent items should generate selective left frontotemporal activation, because memory traces for such items would be weaker or not available in temporal cortex. Complementary univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that, overall, simple words (verbs) and long phrases engaged LIFG and temporal areas, whereas short phrases engaged bilateral temporal areas, suggesting that syntactic complexity is a key factor for LIFG activation. Although we found a robust frequency effect for words in temporal areas, no frequency effects were found for the two phrasal conditions. These findings support the conclusion that long and short phrases are analyzed, respectively, in the left frontal network and in a bilateral temporal network but are not retrieved from memory in the same way as simple words during spoken language comprehension.

Syntactic Dependencies as Memorized Sequences in the Brain

2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 241-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosef Grodzinsky
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Functional Neuroanatomy ◽  
Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Broca’S Region ◽  
Syntactic Representation ◽  
Syntactic Approach ◽  
Syntactic Relations ◽  
Syntactic Dependencies ◽  
The Brain

AbstractThe prospects of a cognitive neuroscience of syntax are considered with respect to functional neuroanatomy of two seemingly independent systems: Working Memory and syntactic representation and processing. It is proposed that these two systems are more closely related than previously supposed. In particular, it is claimed that a sentence with anaphoric dependencies involves several Working Memories, each entrusted with a different linguistic function. Components of Working Memory reside in the Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus, which is associated with Broca’s region. When lesioned, this area manifests comprehension disruptions in the ability to analyze intra-sentential dependencies, suggesting that Working Memory spans over syntactic computations. The unification of considerations regarding Working Memory with a purely syntactic approach to Broca’s regions leads to the conclusion that mechanisms that compute transformations—and no other syntactic relations—reside in this area.

scholarly journals Impaired thalamocortical connectivity in autism spectrum disorder: a study of functional and anatomical connectivity

Brain ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 136 (6) ◽  
pp. 1942-1955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aarti Nair ◽  
Jeffrey M. Treiber ◽  
Dinesh K. Shukla ◽  
Patricia Shih ◽  
Ralph-Axel Müller
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Anatomical Connectivity ◽  
Functional And Anatomical Connectivity

Investigating the Neural Correlates of the Affect Heuristic Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Kenny Skagerlund ◽  
Mikael Skagenholt ◽  
Paul J. Hamilton ◽  
Paul Slovic ◽  
Daniel Västfjäll
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Affect Heuristic ◽  
Medial Frontal Gyrus

Abstract This study investigated the neural correlates of the so-called “affect heuristic,” which refers to the phenomenon whereby individuals tend to rely on affective states rather than rational deliberation of utility and probabilities during judgments of risk and utility of a given event or scenario. The study sought to explore whether there are shared regional activations during both judgments of relative risk and relative benefit of various scenarios, thus being a potential candidate of the affect heuristic. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we developed a novel risk perception task, based on a preexisting behavioral task assessing the affect heuristic. A whole-brain voxel-wise analysis of a sample of participants (n = 42) during the risk and benefit conditions revealed overlapping clusters in the left insula, left inferior frontal gyrus, and left medial frontal gyrus across conditions. Extraction of parameter estimates of these clusters revealed that activity of these regions during both tasks was inversely correlated with a behavioral measure assessing the inclination to use the affect heuristic. More activity in these areas during risk judgments reflect individuals' ability to disregard momentary affective impulses. The insula may be involved in integrating viscero-somatosensory information and forming a representation of the current emotional state of the body, whereas activity in the left inferior frontal gyrus and medial frontal gyrus indicates that executive processes may be involved in inhibiting the impulse of making judgments in favor of deliberate risk evaluations.

Processing of audiovisual phonological incongruency depends on awareness

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Ruth Adam ◽  
Uta Noppeney
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Blink ◽  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Visual Target ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Cognitive State ◽  
Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Capacity Limitations ◽  
Sensory Inputs ◽  
Attentional Resources

Capacity limitations of attentional resources allow only a fraction of sensory inputs to enter our awareness. Most prominently, in the attentional blink, the observer fails to detect the second of two rapidly successive targets that are presented in a sequence of distractor items. This study investigated whether phonological (in)congruency between visual target letters and spoken letters is modulated by subjects’ awareness. In a visual attentional blink paradigm, subjects were presented with two visual targets (buildings and capital Latin letters, respectively) in a sequence of rapidly presented distractor items. A beep was presented always with T1. We manipulated the presence/absence and phonological congruency of the spoken letter that was presented concurrently with T2. Subjects reported the identity of T1 and T2 and reported the visibility of T2. Behaviorally, subjects correctly identified T2 when it was reported to be either visible or unsure, while performances were below chance level when T2 was reported to be invisible. At the neural level, the anterior cingulate was activated for invisible > unsure > visible T2. In contrast, visible relative to invisible trials increased activation in bilateral cerebellum, pre/post-central gyri extending into parietal sulci and bilateral inferior occipital gyri. Incongruency effects were observed in the left inferior frontal gyrus, caudate nucleus and insula only for visible stimuli. In conclusion, phonological incongruency is processed differently when subjects are aware of the visual stimulus. This indicates that multisensory integration is not automatic but depends on subjects’ cognitive state.

scholarly journals Grammatical class modulates the (left) inferior frontal gyrus within 100 milliseconds when syntactic context is predictive

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristof Strijkers ◽  
Valerie Chanoine ◽  
Dashiel Munding ◽  
Anne-Sophie Dubarry ◽  
Agnès Trébuchon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Grammatical Class ◽  
Syntactic Context

scholarly journals Computational framework for detection of subtypes of neuropsychiatric disorders based on DTI-derived anatomical connectivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 393-399
Author(s):  
Rong Chen ◽  
Kyunghun Lee ◽  
Edward H Herskovits
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Impulsive Behavior ◽  
Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Anatomical Connectivity ◽  
Computational Framework ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Superior Frontal Gyrus

Many brain disorders – such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia and autism – are heterogeneous, that is, they may have several subtypes. Traditionally, clinicians have identified subtypes, such as subtypes of psychosis, using clinical criteria. Neuroimaging has the potential to detect subtypes based on objective biomarker-based criteria; however, there are no studies that evaluate the application of combining unsupervised machine learning and anatomical connectivity analysis to accomplish this goal. We propose a computational framework to detect subtypes based on anatomical connectivity computed from diffusion tensor imaging data, in a data-driven and fully automated way. The proposed method exhibits excellent performance on simulated data. We also applied this approach to a real-world dataset: the Nathan Kline Institute data set. The Nathan Kline Institute study consists of 137 normal adult subjects (mean age 41 years (standard deviation 18), male/female 85/52). We examined the association between detected subtypes and the impulsive behavior scale. We found that a subtype characterized by lower connectivity scores was associated with a higher positive urgency score; positive urgency is a vulnerability marker for drug addiction. The top-ranked connections characterizing subtypes involve several brain regions, including the anterior cingulate gyrus, median cingulate gyrus, thalamus, superior frontal gyrus (medial), middle frontal gyrus (orbital part), inferior frontal gyrus (triangular part), superior frontal gyrus, precuneus and putamen. The proposed framework is extendable, and can be used to detect subtypes from other features, including clinical and genomic biomarkers.

scholarly journals Prefrontal Cortical Response to Conflict during Semantic and Phonological Tasks

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 761-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah R. Snyder ◽  
Keith Feigenson ◽  
Sharon L. Thompson-Schill
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Phonological Processing ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
General Function ◽  
Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Prefrontal Cortical ◽  
Specific Effects

Debates about the function of the prefrontal cortex are as old as the field of neuropsychology—often dated to Paul Broca's seminal work. Theories of the functional organization of the prefrontal cortex can be roughly divided into those that describe organization by process and those that describe organization by material. Recent studies of the function of the posterior, left inferior frontal gyrus (pLIFG) have yielded two quite different interpretations: One hypothesis holds that the pLIFG plays a domain-specific role in phonological processing, whereas another hypothesis describes a more general function of the pLIFG in cognitive control. In the current study, we distinguish effects of increasing cognitive control demands from effects of phonological processing. The results support the hypothesized role for the pLIFG in cognitive control, and more task-specific roles for posterior areas in phonology and semantics. Thus, these results suggest an alternative explanation of previously reported phonology-specific effects in the pLIFG.

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