InSAR observation and numerical modeling of the water vapor signal during a heavy rain: A case study of the 2008 Seino event, central Japan

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (17) ◽  
pp. 4740-4744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youhei Kinoshita ◽  
Masanobu Shimada ◽  
Masato Furuya
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Central Japan

scholarly journals Ionic Runoff as a Way to Determine the Degree of Karst Denudation (Case Study Jasov Plateau, Slovak Karst, Slovakia)

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1449
Author(s):  
Alena Gessert ◽  
Imrich Sládek ◽  
Veronika Straková ◽  
Mihály Braun ◽  
Enikő Heim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Karst Water ◽  
Karst Spring ◽  
Snow Melting ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Karst Springs ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Episodic Events

Estimation of the catchment area of a karst spring is not possible in all areas for various reasons. The Slovak Karst is protected by the highest degree of protection and karst springs are used as a source of drinking water for the second largest city in Slovakia, Košice. From this reason, no results on ionic runoff or chemical denudation have been published from this area and the most appropriate way to obtain information about the denudation rate is to determine the ionic runoff. This paper provides an overview of ionic runoff results based on sampling and analysis of karst water from six springs in the period November 2013–October 2016 (three hydrological years) and periodic measurements. Springs have significantly fluctuated flow rates from 0 L/s in summer and autumn up to 192 L/s, and episodic events during the snow melting and heavy rain in the spring of 2013 are also known (more than 380 L/s). The total value of ionic runoff for the area of 40,847 m3/y.km2 is comparable with the Vracanska Plateau in Bulgaria, which lies at a similar altitude and with a similar amount of precipitation.

A methodology for optimizing modeling configuration in the numerical modeling of oil concentrations in underwater blowouts: a North Sea case study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Data Bases ◽  
Lagrangian Trajectory ◽  
Number Of Particles

<p><strong>A METHODOLOGY FOR OPTIMIZING MODELING CONFIGURATION IN THE NUMERICAL MODELING OF OIL CONCENTRATIONS IN UNDERWATER BLOWOUTS: A NORTH SEA CASE STUDY</strong></p><p>Andrés Martínez<sup>a,*</sup>, Ana J. Abascal<sup>a</sup>, Andrés García<sup>a</sup>, Beatriz Pérez-Díaz<sup>a</sup>, Germán Aragón<sup>a</sup>, Raúl Medina<sup>a</sup></p><p><sup>a</sup>IHCantabria - Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental de la Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, 39011 Santander, Spain</p><p><sup>* </sup>Corresponding author: [email protected]</p><p>Underwater oil and gas blowouts are not easy to repair. It may take months before the well is finally capped, releasing large amounts of oil into the marine environment. In addition, persistent oils (crude oil, fuel oil, etc.) break up and dissipate slowly, so they often reach the shore before the cleanup is completed, affecting vasts extension of seas-oceans, just as posing a major threat to marine organisms.</p><p>On account of the above, numerical modeling of underwater blowouts demands great computing power. High-resolution, long-term data bases of wind-ocean currents are needed to be able to properly model the trajectory of the spill at both regional (open sea) and local level (coastline), just as to account for temporal variability. Moreover, a large number of particles, just as a high-resolution grid, are unavoidable in order to ensure accurate modeling of oil concentrations, of utmost importance in risk assessment, so that threshold concentrations can be established (threshold concentrations tell you what level of exposure to a compound could harm marine organisms).</p><p>In this study, an innovative methodology has been accomplished for the purpose of optimizing modeling configuration: number of particles and grid resolution, in the modeling of an underwater blowout, with a view to accurately represent oil concentrations, especially when threshold concentrations are considered. In doing so, statistical analyses (dimensionality reduction and clustering techniques), just as numerical modeling, have been applied.</p><p>It is composed of the following partial steps: (i) classification of i representative clusters of forcing patterns (based on PCA and K-means algorithms) from long-term wind-ocean current hindcast data bases, so that forcing variability in the study area is accounted for; (ii) definition of j modeling scenarios, based on key blowout parameters (oil type, flow rate, etc.) and modeling configuration (number of particles and grid resolution); (iii) Lagrangian trajectory modeling of the combination of the i clusters of forcing patterns and the j modeling scenarios; (iv) sensitivity analysis of the Lagrangian trajectory model output: oil concentrations,  to modeling configuration; (v) finally, as a result, the optimal modeling configuration, given a certain underwater blowout (its key parameters), is provided.</p><p>It has been applied to a hypothetical underwater blowout in the North Sea, one of the world’s most active seas in terms of offshore oil and gas exploration and production. A 5,000 cubic meter per day-flow rate oil spill, flowing from the well over a 15-day period, has been modeled (assuming a 31-day period of subsequent drift for a 46-day modeling). Moreover, threshold concentrations of 0.1, 0.25, 1 and 10 grams per square meter have been applied in the sensitivity analysis. The findings of this study stress the importance of modeling configuration in accurate modeling of oil concentrations, in particular if lower threshold concentrations are considered.</p>

METEOROLOGICAL GNSS APPLICATION FOR HEAVY RAIN ON DECEMBER 31, 2019 IN THE JAKARTA AND SURROUNDING AREAS

2021 ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
Syachrul Arief ◽  
Ihsan Muhamad Muafiry
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Research Area ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Interesting Pattern ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Gnss Data ◽  
Second Peak

This study aims to utilize GNSS for meteorology in Indonesia. With the "goGPS" software, the zenith troposphere delay (ZTD) value is estimated. Calculations in rainy conditions, the ZTD value is converted into a water vapor value (PWV). The research area for the phenomenon of heavy rain occurred at the end of 2019 in Jakarta and its surroundings, which caused flooding on January 1, 2020. According to the Geophysical Meteorology and Climatology Agency (BMKG), the flood's primary cause was high rainfall. Meanwhile, the rainfall at Taman Mini and Jatiasih stations was 335 mm/day and 260 mm/day, respectively. We get an interesting pattern of PWV values for this rain phenomenon. GNSS data processing, the PWV value at five GNSS stations around Jakarta, shows the same pattern even though the average distance between GNSS stations is ~ 30 km. The PWV value appears to increase at noon on December 30, 2019, and the peak occurs in the early hours of December 31, 2019. The PWV value suddenly decreases at noon on January 1, 2020. Next, the PWV value increases again but not as high as at the previous peak. Since January 2, 2020, the PWV value has decreased and remained almost constant until January 4, 2020. In that period, there were two events that the PWV value increased. The PWV value at the first peak is ~ 70 mm, and at the second peak ~ 65 mm. The most significant increase in PWV value was recorded at CJKT stations.

scholarly journals A case study of convectively sourced water vapor observed in the overworld stratosphere over the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 122 (17) ◽  
pp. 9529-9554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica B. Smith ◽  
David M. Wilmouth ◽  
Kristopher M. Bedka ◽  
Kenneth P. Bowman ◽  
Cameron R. Homeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
The United States
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