Memory for new information as a cognitive marker of liability to Alzheimer's disease in a high risk group: a research note

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Rice ◽  
Richard Abraham ◽  
Varuni Rudrasingham ◽  
Michael J. Owen ◽  
Julie Williams
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Research Note ◽  
New Information ◽  
Group A

scholarly journals 424: Uterocervical angle does not predict spontaneous preterm birth in either a low-risk or high-risk group: A prospective study

2018 ◽  
Vol 218 (1) ◽  
pp. S258
Author(s):  
Courtney Olson-Chen ◽  
Kam Szlachetka ◽  
Dzhamala Gilmandyar ◽  
Erica Faske ◽  
Elizabeth Fountaine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Spontaneous Preterm Birth ◽  
Group A ◽  
A Prospective Study

Language Development in 2-Year-Old Normal and Risk Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 982-986
Author(s):  
Judith Zarin-Ackerman ◽  
Michael Lewis ◽  
John M. Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Language Tests ◽  
Group A ◽  
Language Measures ◽  
Early Trauma

A variety of language measures was obtained on two groups of 2-year-old infants matched for social class but differing in terms of birth conditions. One group, a high risk group, contained infants who suffered from RDS, birth asphyxia, hypercalcemia, and hyperglycemia while another group consisted of normal infants. The results of the language tests revealed that the high risk group showed poorer performance than the normal subjects. Other tests of perceptual-cognitive development revealed little difference between the groups. The data suggest that the assessment of early trauma needs to employ a variety of measures, especially those which are related to the unfolding skills appropriate for the particular age group studied.

Apolipoprotein E4, Gender, Body Mass Index, Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, and Air Pollution Interactions: Recipe for Alzheimer’s Disease Development in Mexico City Young Females

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas ◽  
Suzanne M. de la Monte
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Given the epidemiological trends of increasing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and growing evidence that exposure and lifestyle factors contribute to AD risk and pathogenesis, attention should be paid to variables such as air pollution, in order to reduce rates of cognitive decline and dementia. Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) above the US EPA standards is associated with AD risk. Mexico City children experienced pre- and postnatal high exposures to PM2.5, O3, combustion-derived iron-rich nanoparticles, metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and endotoxins. Exposures are associated with early brain gene imbalance in oxidative stress, inflammation, innate and adaptive immune responses, along with epigenetic changes, accumulation of misfolded proteins, cognitive deficits, and brain structural and metabolic changes. The Apolipoprotein E (APOE) 4 allele, the most prevalent genetic risk for AD, plays a key role in the response to air pollution in young girls. APOE 4 heterozygous females with >75% to <94% BMI percentiles are at the highest risk of severe cognitive deficits (1.5–2 SD from average IQ). This review focused on the relationships between gender, BMI, systemic and neural inflammation, insulin resistance, hyperleptinemia, dyslipidemia, vascular risk factors, and central nervous system involvement in APOE4 urbanites exposed to PM2.5 and magnetite combustion-derived iron-rich nanoparticles that can reach the brain. APOE4 young female heterozygous carriers constitute a high-risk group for a fatal disease: AD. Multidisciplinary intervention strategies could be critical for prevention or amelioration of cognitive deficits and long-term AD progression in young individuals at high risk.

Treatment Outcome of Discontinued L-Asparaginase in Children with Standard-Risk Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Tokyo Children’s Cancer Study Group (TCCSG) Study L99-15.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 878-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chitose Ogawa ◽  
Akira Ohara ◽  
Atsushi Manabe ◽  
Ryoji Hanada ◽  
Hiroyuki Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Standard Risk

Abstract BACKGROUND: L-asparaginase (L-asp) is one of the key drugs in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children. However, L-asp often produces severe adverse effects including anaphylaxis resulting in its discontinuation. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate retrospectively the outcome of discontinuation of L-asp in patients with ALL. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Children newly diagnosed as ALL between 1999 and 2003 were consecutively enrolled on the TCCSG L99-15 study. Risk stratification was based on the age, initial white blood cell count, immunophenotype, cytogenetics and the response to prednisolone monotherapy. Totally, 267 (35%) out of 770 children were categorized into a standard-risk group (SR), 317 (41%) into a high-risk group (HR) and 186 (24%) into a very high-risk group (HEX). Allogeneic stem cell transplantation was indicated approximately in 50% of the HEX patients. L-asp was used 9 times in the induction phase in all the risk groups. The total number of L-asp administration all through the treatment was 19 in SR, 20 in HR and at least 10 in HEX. Patients were divided into two groups in the analysis: group A patients who received at least 50% of scheduled doses of L-asp and group B patients who received less than 50%. RESULTS: Remission was obtained in 259 (97%) patients in SR, 311 (98%) in HR and 171(92%) in HEX. In the patients who achieved remission and were analyzed, 195 (83.7%) in SR, 223 (78.8%) in HR and 123 (83.7%) in HEX received all the scheduled doses of L-asp. Event-free survival (EFS) (SE) and overall survival (OS) (SE) at 5 years for all the risk groups are shown in the table. Notably, EFS in group A (92.9%) and in group B (74.1%) in SR was significantly different (p=0.025). CONCLUSION: The outcome in patients who received less than 50% of scheduled dose of L-asp was inferior to that in the patients who received more than 50% of the scheduled dose. This suggests that modification or intensification of the treatment should be considered for the patients who discontinued L-asp in SR. EFS and OS in each group Risk group EFS ± SE(%) OS ± SE(%) (No. in A /B) group A group B p value group A group B p value SR (223 /10) 92.9±2.4 74.1±16.1 0.025 97.8±1.1 88.9±10.5 0.066 HR (269 /14) 78.5±3.2 66.7±19.2 0.969 88.9±2.6 50.0±25.0 0.158 HEX (142 /5) 58.2±5.5 75.5±21.7 0.514 75.6±4.3 80.0±17.9 0.873

scholarly journals Predicting schizophrenia: findings from the Edinburgh High-Risk Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 186 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eve C. Johnstone ◽  
Klaus P. Ebmeier ◽  
Patrick Miller ◽  
David G. C. Owens ◽  
Stephen M. Lawrie
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Young People ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Well Control ◽  
Group A ◽  
A Prospective Study

BackgroundThe hypothesis that schizophrenia is neurodevelopmental was investigated in a prospective study of young people with a postulated 10–15% risk for the development of schizophrenia.AimsTo determine premorbid variables distinguishing high-risk people who will go on to develop schizophrenia from those who will not.MethodA high-risk sample of 163 young adults with two relatives with schizophrenia was recruited. They and 36 controls were serially examined. Baseline measures were compared between those who did develop schizophrenia, a well control group, a well high-risk group and high-risk participants with partial or isolated psychotic symptoms.ResultsOf those at high risk, 20 developed schizophrenia within 2½ years. More experienced isolated or partial psychotic symptoms. Those who developed schizophrenia differed from those who did not on social anxiety, withdrawal and other schizotypal features. The whole high-risk sample differed from the control group on developmental and neuropsychological variables.ConclusionsThe genetic component of schizophrenia affects many more individuals than will develop the illness, and partial impairment can be found in them. Highly significant predictors of the development of schizophrenia are detectable years before onset.

scholarly journals Radical prostatectomy as radical cure of prostate cancer in a high-risk group: A single-institution experience

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
NOBUKI FURUBAYASHI ◽  
MOTONOBU NAKAMURA ◽  
KEN HISHIKAWA ◽  
ATSUSHI FUKUDA ◽  
TAKASHI MATSUMOTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Radical Prostatectomy ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Radical Cure ◽  
Single Institution ◽  
Group A

The Effect of Early High Dose Ara-C in Children with High-Risk Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL): Tokyo Children’s Cancer Study Group (TCCSG) Study L99-15.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 868-868
Author(s):  
Atsushi Manabe ◽  
Akira Ohara ◽  
Kouichiro Ikuta ◽  
Ryouji Hanada ◽  
Hiromasa Yabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Drug Regimen ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Induction Treatment ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Group A

Abstract High dose Ara-C is employed in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia; however, its effect on ALL has not been evaluated systematically. We tested high dose Ara-C incorporated in an early phase with a randomized fashion in children with high-risk ALL. Patients diagnosed as ALL between 1999 and 2003 were consecutively enrolled on TCCSG L99-15 study. Risk stratification was based on the age, initial white blood cell count, immunophenotype, cytogenetics, and the response to prednisolone monotherapy. Totally, 317 out of 770 children (41%) were categorized in a high-risk group. A standard-risk group constituted 35% and a very high-risk group constituted 24% of all the patients. Induction treatment consisted of a standard 4-drug regimen plus cyclophosphamide. Remission was obtained in 310 patients (98%). After remission was obtained, patients were randomized to receive either early intensification regimen A or B: regimen A consisted of high-dose cytarabine (2g/m2 x 8 times with L-asparaginase); regimen B consisted of a combination of cyclophosphamide, cytarabine (75mg/m2 x 15 times), and 6-mercaptopurine. Then all the patients were given an identical treatment including high-dose methotrexate (3g/m2 x 3 times), reinduction therapy, late intensifications, and maintenance therapy. The treatment was completed 24 months after diagnosis. The number of patients randomized in each arm was 155 cases for each arm. Clinical features including immunophenotype, specific karyotype, and the response to prednisolone monotherapy were not different in patients allocated in each arm. The median follow-up for patients who survived at the time of the analysis was 3.2 years. Event-free survival (EFS) (SE) and overall survival (OS) (SE) at 4 years for the 310 patients were 78.4% (2.9%) and 88.9% (2.3%), respectively. EFS (SE) at 4 years for patients in regimen A and B were 77.0% (4.1%) and 79.7% (4.0%) while OS (SE) at 4 years in regimen A and B were 88.3% (3.2%) and 89.7% (3.2%). The site of relapse was not different in two arms. In 23 cases with T-cell phenotype, patients treated with regimen A did not have better EFS than the others. Similarly, in 25 cases with E2A-PBX1 rearrangement, patients treated with regimen A did not have better EFS than the others. Although no patients in either regimen died of infections, more patients in regimen A experienced bacterial sepsis: 13 cases in regimen A vs. 8 cases in regimen B. In conclusion, we did not find any benefit of employing early high-dose Ara-C in children with high-risk ALL.

scholarly journals Does Hippocampal Volume Predict Transition to Psychosis in a High-Risk Group? A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Hinney ◽  
Anna Walter ◽  
Soheila Aghlmandi ◽  
Christina Andreou ◽  
Stefan Borgwardt
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Prodromal Phase ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Group A ◽  
Left And Right

Schizophrenia has a prodromal phase of several years in most patients, making it possible to identify patients at clinical high risk (CHR) for developing the disorder. So far, these individuals are identified based on clinical criteria alone, and there is no reliable biomarker for predicting the transition to psychosis. It is well-established that reductions in brain volume, especially in the hippocampus, are associated with schizophrenia. Therefore, hippocampal volume may serve as a biomarker for psychosis. Several studies have already investigated hippocampal volume in CHR groups. Based on these studies, the present meta-analysis compares the baseline left and right hippocampal volume of CHR patients who developed a psychosis with that of CHR patients without such a transition. Our results show no statistically significant effect of the hippocampal volume on the transition risk for psychosis.

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