scholarly journals Risk factors for symptomatic HIV ‐associated neurocognitive disorder in adults aged 50 and over attending a HIV clinic in Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1198-1208
Author(s):  
Patrick Eaton ◽  
Thomas Lewis ◽  
Johanna Kellett‐Wright ◽  
Aidan Flatt ◽  
Sarah Urasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorder ◽  
Hiv Associated Neurocognitive Disorder

scholarly journals Prevalence and predictors of HIV-associated Neurocognitive Disorder in Ethiopians

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Salahuddin ◽  
Md Dilshad Manzar ◽  
Hamid Yimam Hassen ◽  
Mihretu Ashuro ◽  
Aleem Unissa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Targeted Screening ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Hiv Associated Neurocognitive Disorder ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background Modern antiretroviral therapy has extended the life expectancies of people living with HIV; the prevention and treatment of their associated neurocognitive decline has remained a challenge. Consequently, it is desirable to investigate the prevalence and predictors of HIV-associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND) to help in targeted screening and disease prevention. Methods: Two hundred and forty-four people living with HIV were interviewed in a study using a cross-sectional design and International HIV Dementia scale (IHDS). Additionally, the sociodemographic, clinical and psychosocial characteristics of the patients were recorded. Chi-square and binary logistic regression analysis were used to determine the level of significance among the independent risk factors and probable HAND. Results The point prevalence of HAND was found to be 39.3%. Participants’ characteristics of being older than 40 years (AOR = 2.81 (95% CI; 1.11–7.15)), having a history of recreational drug use (AOR = 13.67 (95% CI; 6.42–29.13)), and being non-compliant with prescribed medications (AOR = 2.99 (95% CI; 1.01–8.87)) were independent risk factors for HAND. Conclusion The identification of predictors, some of which may be more closely related to the Ethiopian people living with HIV, may help in targeted screening of vulnerable groups during cART follow-up visits. This may greatly help in strategizing and implementation of the prevention program, more so, because: (i) HAND is an asymptomatic condition for considerable durations, and (ii) clinical trials of HAND therapies have been unsuccessful.

scholarly journals Risk Factors and Pathogenesis of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder: The Role of Host Genetics

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Olivier ◽  
Ramón Cacabelos ◽  
Vinogran Naidoo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Human Genetics ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorder ◽  
Host Genetics ◽  
Hiv Associated Neurocognitive Disorder

Neurocognitive impairments associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remain a considerable health issue for almost half the people living with HIV, despite progress in HIV treatment through combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). The pathogenesis and risk factors of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) are still incompletely understood. This is partly due to the complexity of HAND diagnostics, as phenotypes present with high variability and change over time. Our current understanding is that HIV enters the central nervous system (CNS) during infection, persisting and replicating in resident immune and supporting cells, with the subsequent host immune response and inflammation likely adding to the development of HAND. Differences in host (human) genetics determine, in part, the effectiveness of the immune response and other factors that increase the vulnerability to HAND. This review describes findings from studies investigating the role of human host genetics in the pathogenesis of HAND, including potential risk factors for developing HAND. The similarities and differences between HAND and Alzheimer’s disease are also discussed. While some specific variations in host genes regulating immune responses and neurotransmission have been associated with protection or risk of HAND development, the effects are generally small and findings poorly replicated. Nevertheless, a few specific gene variants appear to affect the risk for developing HAND and aid our understanding of HAND pathogenesis.

HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND): Relative Risk Factors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sindhura Kompella ◽  
Thabit Al-Khateeb ◽  
Ossama Abid Riaz ◽  
Sylvester Olubolu Orimaye ◽  
Patrick Olumuyiwa Sodeke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorder ◽  
Hiv Associated Neurocognitive Disorder

scholarly journals Scaling Up Information Sharing on HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder: Raising Awareness and Knowledge Among Key Stakeholders

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402110168
Author(s):  
Renato M. Liboro ◽  
Paul A. Shuper ◽  
Lori E. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Information Sharing ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorder ◽  
Public Health Informatics ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Hiv Associated Neurocognitive Disorder ◽  
Hiv Aids

Although the majority of specialists and researchers in the field of HIV/AIDS are aware and knowledgeable about HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) as a condition that affects as much as 50% of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH), research has documented that many health care and service providers who work directly with PLWH are either unaware of HAND or believe they do not know enough information about HAND to effectively support their clients experiencing neurocognitive challenges. Based on the findings of a qualitative study that interviewed 33 health care and service providers in HIV/AIDS services to identify and examine their awareness and knowledge on HAND, this article argues for utilizing a combination of Public Health Informatics principles; communication techniques, propagation strategies, and recognized approaches from Implementation and Dissemination Science; and social media and online discussion platforms, in addition to traditional Knowledge Mobilization strategies, to scale up information sharing on HAND among all relevant stakeholders. Increasing information sharing among stakeholders would be an important step to raising awareness and knowledge on HAND, and consequently, improving care, services, and support for PLWH and neurocognitive issues.

Genetic variation of matrix metalloproteinase enzyme in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder

Gene ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 698 ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
HariOm Singh ◽  
Sumitra Nain ◽  
Asha Krishnaraj ◽  
Sonam Lata ◽  
T.N. Dhole
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorder ◽  
Hiv Associated Neurocognitive Disorder

Effects of a 12-week aerobic exercise programme on HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder in Nigeria: A protocol for randomized controlled trial (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martins Nweke ◽  
Nombeko Mshunqane ◽  
Nalini Govender ◽  
Aderonke Akineplu ◽  
Adesola Oginniyi
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Exercise Programme ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Behavioural Intervention ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorder ◽  
Neurocognitive Performance ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Hiv Associated Neurocognitive Disorder

BACKGROUND The introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has led to a drastic fall in the incidence of HIV-associated dementia. However, less severe but limiting forms of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) continues to be prevalent even with the use of ART. Aerobic exercise, a behavioural intervention may be a beneficial and effective complement to ART in the management of HAND. In HIV-negative individuals, aerobic exercise mitigates pathogenic changes similar to those of HAND. OBJECTIVE This protocol describes a randomized clinical trial designed to determine the effect of a 12-week aerobic exercise programme on HAND in Southeastern Nigeria. METHODS A minimum of seventy-six patients diagnosed with HAND will be randomized into aerobic exercise and control groups. Aerobic exercise will be carried out on a stationary bicycle ergometer at moderate intensity, three times a week for 12-weeks. Primary outcomes are neurocognitive performance, CD4-count and viral load. Evaluation of post-exercise neurocognitive performance will be undertaken using reliable neuropsychological tests relevant to PLWHIV, in line with Frascati criteria. Secondary outcomes such as quality of life, and activity limitation and social participation will be assessed using the WHOQOL-Bref, and the Oxford Participation and Activities questionnaire respectively. Data will be subjected to exploratory statistics to test for normality and homogeneity. The effect of the exercise programme on HAND will be analysed using two-way repeated-measures ANOVA, with Bonferroni’s correction. Within-group comparison will be undertaken using paired sampled t-test. RESULTS Enrollment began on 18th January 2021. Recruitment has been completed. The trial is ongoing and will be completed in July 2021 CONCLUSIONS The study will provide valuable information about the effect of aerobic exercise on HAND thus verifying the suitability of aerobic exercise as a complementary therapy for mitigating neurocognitive disorder among PLWHIV. Data from the study will be useful in pursuit of debate on the necessity of a sponsored rehabilitation arm in ART clinics. CLINICALTRIAL The study was registered with the PAN African Trial Registry (PACTR) on the 1stth September 2020. The registration ID is PACTR202009483415745.

Serial case of HIV associated neurocognitive disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 429 ◽  
pp. 117683
Author(s):  
Sri Rianawati ◽  
Nurvia Andriani ◽  
Badrul Munir ◽  
Neila Raisa
Keyword(s):  
Neurocognitive Disorder ◽  
Hiv Associated Neurocognitive Disorder
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