The factor structure of the hospital anxiety and depression scale in older individuals with acquired amputations: a comparison of four models using confirmatory factor analysis

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deirdre M. Desmond ◽  
Malcolm MacLachlan
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Hospital Anxiety ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

scholarly journals Psychometric properties of the Danish Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in patients with cardiac disease: results from the DenHeart survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Vinggaard Christensen ◽  
Jane K. Dixon ◽  
Knud Juel ◽  
Ola Ekholm ◽  
Trine Bernholdt Rasmussen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Divergent Validity ◽  
Hospital Anxiety ◽  
Item Functioning ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

Abstract Background Anxiety and depression symptoms are common among cardiac patients. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is frequently used to measure symptoms of anxiety and depression; however, no study on the validity and reliability of the scale in Danish cardiac patients has been done. The aim, therefore, was to evaluate the psychometric properties of HADS in a large sample of Danish patients with the four most common cardiac diagnoses: ischemic heart disease, arrhythmias, heart failure and heart valve disease. Methods The DenHeart study was designed as a national cross-sectional survey including the HADS, SF-12 and HeartQoL and combined with data from national registers. Psychometric evaluation included analyses of floor and ceiling effects, structural validity using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and hypotheses testing of convergent and divergent validity by relating the HADS scores to the SF-12 and HeartQoL. Internal consistency reliability was evaluated by Cronbach’s alpha, and differential item functioning by gender was examined using ordinal logistic regression. Results A total of 12,806 patients (response rate 51%) answered the HADS. Exploratory factor analysis supported the original two-factor structure of the HADS, while confirmatory factor analysis supported a three-factor structure consisting of the original depression subscale and two anxiety subscales as suggested in a previous study. There were floor effects on all items and ceiling effect on item 8. The hypotheses regarding convergent validity were confirmed but those regarding divergent validity for HADS-D were not. Internal consistency was good with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.87 for HADS-A and 0.82 for HADS-D. There were no indications of noticeable differential item functioning by gender for any items. Conclusions The present study supported the evidence of convergent validity and high internal consistency for both HADS outcomes in a large sample of Danish patients with cardiac disease. There are, however, conflicting results regarding the factor structure of the scale consistent with previous research. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01926145.

scholarly journals The structure of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in four cohorts of community-based, healthy older people: the HALCyon program

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catharine R. Gale ◽  
Michael Allerhand ◽  
Avan Aihie Sayer ◽  
Cyrus Cooper ◽  
Elaine M. Dennison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Older People ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Hospital Anxiety ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

ABSTRACTBackground: The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is widely used but evaluation of its psychometric properties has produced equivocal results. Little is known about its structure in non-clinical samples of older people.Methods: We used data from four cohorts in the HALCyon collaborative research program into healthy aging: the Caerphilly Prospective Study, the Hertfordshire Ageing Study, the Hertfordshire Cohort Study, and the Lothian Birth Cohort 1921. We used exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis with multi-group comparisons to establish the structure of the HADS and test for factorial invariance between samples.Results: Exploratory factor analysis showed a bi-dimensional structure (anxiety and depression) of the scale in men and women in each cohort. We tested a hypothesized three-factor model but high correlations between two of the factors made a two-factor model more psychologically plausible. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the sizes of the respective item loadings on the two factors were effectively identical in men and women from the same cohort. There was more variation between cohorts, particularly those from different parts of the U.K. and in whom the HADS was administered differently. Differences in social-class distribution accounted for part of this variation.Conclusions: Scoring the HADS as two subscales of anxiety and depression is appropriate in non-clinical populations of older men and women. However, there were differences between cohorts in the way that individual items were linked with the constructs of anxiety and depression, perhaps due to differences in sociocultural factors and/or in the administration of the scale.

scholarly journals The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale: A meta confirmatory factor analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Norton ◽  
Theodore Cosco ◽  
Frank Doyle ◽  
John Done ◽  
Amanda Sacker
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Hospital Anxiety ◽  
Confirmatory Factor
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