Optical recording of electrical activity from axons and glia of frog optic nerve: Potentiometric dye responses and morphometrics

Glia ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Konnerth ◽  
P. M. Orkand ◽  
R. K. Orkand
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Optical Recording

scholarly journals Blue light blind-spot stimulation upregulates b-wave and pattern ERG activity in myopes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Amorim-de-Sousa ◽  
Tim Schilling ◽  
Paulo Fernandes ◽  
Yeshwanth Seshadri ◽  
Hamed Bahmani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Optic Nerve Head ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Pattern Electroretinogram ◽  
Blind Spot ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Pattern Erg ◽  
Myopia Progression

AbstractUpregulation of retinal dopaminergic activity may be a target treatment for myopia progression. This study aimed to explore the viability of inducing changes in retinal electrical activity with short-wavelength light targeting melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) passing through the optic nerve head. Fifteen healthy non-myopic or myopic young adults were recruited and underwent stimulation with blue light using a virtual reality headset device. Amplitudes and implicit times from photopic 3.0 b-wave and pattern electroretinogram (PERG) were measured at baseline and 10 and 20 min after stimulation. Relative changes were compared between non-myopes and myopes. The ERG b-wave amplitude was significantly larger 20 min after blind-spot stimulation compared to baseline (p < 0.001) and 10 min (p < 0.001) post-stimulation. PERG amplitude P50-N95 also showed a significant main effect for ‘Time after stimulation’ (p < 0.050). Implicit times showed no differences following blind-spot stimulation. PERG and b-wave changes after blind-spot stimulation were stronger in myopes than non-myopes. It is possible to induce significant changes in retinal electrical activity by stimulating ipRGCs axons at the optic nerve head with blue light. The results suggest that the changes in retinal electrical activity are located at the inner plexiform layer and are likely to involve the dopaminergic system.

Optical approaches to ontogeny of electrical activity and related functional organization during early heart development

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kamino
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Heart Development ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Embryonic Heart ◽  
Optical Recording ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Spontaneous Electrical Activity ◽  
Somite Stage ◽  
Voltage Sensitive Dyes

Direct intracellular measurement of electrical events in the early embryonic heart is impossible because the cells are too small and frail to be impaled with microelectrodes; it is also not possible to apply conventional electrophysiological techniques to the early embryonic heart. For these reasons, complete understanding of the ontogeny of electrical activity and related physiological functions of the heart during early development has been hampered. Optical signals from voltage-sensitive dyes have provided a new powerful tool for monitoring changes in transmembrane voltage in a wide variety of living preparations. With this technique it is possible to make optical recordings from the cells that are inaccessible to microelectrodes. An additional advantage of the optical method for recording membrane potential activity is that electrical activity can be monitored simultaneously from many sites in a preparation. Thus, applying a multiple-site optical recording method with a 100- or 144-element photodiode array and voltage-sensitive dyes, we have been able to monitor, for the first time, spontaneous electrical activity in prefused cardiac primordia in the early chick embryos at the six- and the early seven-somite stages of development. We were able to determine that the time of initiation of the contraction is the middle period of the nine-somite stage. In the rat embryonic heart, the onset of spontaneous electrical activity and contraction occurs at the three-somite stage. In this review, a new view of the ontogenetic sequence of spontaneous electrical activity and related physiological functions such as ionic properties, pacemaker function, conduction, and characteristics of excitation-contraction coupling in the early embryonic heart are discussed.

Electrical activity in an exocrine gland: optical recording with a potentiometric dye

Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 208 (4449) ◽  
pp. 1269-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Senseman ◽  
B. Salzberg
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Optical Recording ◽  
Exocrine Gland

Electrical Activity and Structure of Retinal Cells of the Aplysia Eye: I. Secondary Neurones

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 369-380
Author(s):  
JON W. JACKLET ◽  
LESLEY SCHUSTER ◽  
CELINE ROLERSON
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Lucifer Yellow ◽  
Antidromic Activation ◽  
Retinal Cells ◽  
Compound Action Potentials ◽  
Pacemaker Potentials ◽  
Evoked Activity ◽  
Chemical Synapses

1. Intracellular recordings were made from secondary neurones and photo-receptors of the Aplysia eye concurrently with extracellular recordings from the optic nerve. These cells were injected with Lucifer yellow to reveal their structure after they were typed according to electrical activity. Secondary neurones are described in this paper. 2. All secondary neurones injected with Lucifer yellow were in the outer, non-receptor layer of the retina. Each had an axon in the optic nerve, short dendritic processes on the soma, but no distinct photoreceptive apparatus. Dye coupling between secondary neurones and between secondary neurones and photoreceptors was observed. 3. Secondary neurones had pacemaker potentials and action potentials (APs) correlated 1:1 with the optic nerve compound action potentials (CAPs) during spontaneous dark and light evoked activity. It is deduced that the secondary neurones are the output neurones of the circadian clock system of the eye. 4. Secondary neurones appear to be electrically coupled to each other and to some photoreceptors, since blocking chemical synapses with high Mg2+ saline did not block the spontaneous or light evoked activities, and antidromic activation of the secondary neurones produced a compound input dependent in amplitude on stimulus voltage. 5. Backfilling the optic nerve with cobalt revealed filled secondary neurones, 2 photoreceptor types and a small non-receptor cell type suggesting that most of these retinal cells have axons in the optic nerve.

scholarly journals Effects of barium and bicarbonate on glial cells of Necturus optic nerve. Studies with microelectrodes and voltage-sensitive dyes.

1989 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 731-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
M L Astion ◽  
A L Obaid ◽  
R K Orkand
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Intercellular Junctions ◽  
Input Resistance ◽  
Membrane Resistance ◽  
Optical Recording ◽  
Disulfonic Acid ◽  
K Channel ◽  
Electrophysiological Properties ◽  
Voltage Sensitive Dyes

We have studied the effects of Ba++, a known K+ channel blocker, on the electrophysiological properties of the glial cells of Necturus optic nerve. The addition of Ba++ reversibly depolarized glial cells by 25-50 mV; the half maximal deplorization was obtained with a Ba++ concentration of approximately 0.3 mM. In the presence of Ba++, the sensitivity of the membrane to changes in K+ was reduced and there was evidence of competition between K+ and Ba++ for the K+ channel. These effects, which were accompanied by a large increase in the input resistance of the glial cells, indicate that Ba++ blocks the K+ conductance in glial cells of Necturus optic nerve. With the K+ conductance reduced, we were able to investigate the presence of other membrane conductances. We found that in the presence of Ba++, the addition of HCO3- caused a Na+-dependent hyperpolarization that was sensitive to the disulfonic stilbene SITS (4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2, 2'-disulfonic acid). Removal of Na+ resulted in a HCO3- -dependent, SITS-sensitive depolarization. These results are consistent with the presence in the glial membrane of an electrogenic Na+/HCO3- cotransporter in which Na+, HCO3-, and net negative charge are transported in the same direction. In Cl- -free solutions, the Ba++-induced depolarization increased, suggesting a small permeability to Cl-. Using voltage-sensitive dyes and a photodiode array for multiple site optical recording, the distribution of potential changes in response to square pulses of intracellularly injected current were recorded before and after the addition of increased and the decay of amplitude as a function of distance decreased. Such results indicate that Ba++ increases the membrane resistance more than the resistance of the intercellular junctions.

scholarly journals Optical recording of the electrical activity of synaptically interacting Aplysia neurons in culture using potentiometric probes

1989 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.D. Parsons ◽  
D. Kleinfeld ◽  
F. Raccuia-Behling ◽  
B.M. Salzberg
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Optical Recording ◽  
Aplysia Neurons
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