scholarly journals Reproducing diabetic retinopathy features using newly developed human induced‐pluripotent stem cell‐derived retinal Müller glial cells

Glia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aude Couturier ◽  
Guillaume Blot ◽  
Lucile Vignaud ◽  
Céline Nanteau ◽  
Amélie Slembrouck‐Brec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Müller Glial Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

scholarly journals Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Models of Frontotemporal Dementia With Tau Pathology

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebekka Kühn ◽  
Aayushi Mahajan ◽  
Peter Canoll ◽  
Gunnar Hargus
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Early Onset Dementia ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Neurodegenerative dementias are the most common group of neurodegenerative diseases affecting more than 40 million people worldwide. One of these diseases is frontotemporal dementia (FTD), an early onset dementia and one of the leading causes of dementia in people under the age of 60. FTD is a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders with pathological accumulation of particular proteins in neurons and glial cells including the microtubule-associated protein tau, which is deposited in its hyperphosphorylated form in about half of all patients with FTD. As for other patients with dementia, there is currently no cure for patients with FTD and thus several lines of research focus on the characterization of underlying pathogenic mechanisms with the goal to identify therapeutic targets. In this review, we provide an overview of reported disease phenotypes in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons and glial cells from patients with tau-associated FTD with the aim to highlight recent progress in this fast-moving field of iPSC disease modeling. We put a particular focus on genetic forms of the disease that are linked to mutations in the gene encoding tau and summarize mutation-associated changes in FTD patient cells related to tau splicing and tau phosphorylation, microtubule function and cell metabolism as well as calcium homeostasis and cellular stress. In addition, we discuss challenges and limitations but also opportunities using differentiated patient-derived iPSCs for disease modeling and biomedical research on neurodegenerative diseases including FTD.

scholarly journals Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived glial cells and neural progenitors display divergent responses to Zika and dengue infections

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (27) ◽  
pp. 7117-7122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Muffat ◽  
Yun Li ◽  
Attya Omer ◽  
Ann Durbin ◽  
Irene Bosch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Neural Progenitors ◽  
Viral Reservoir ◽  
Viral Spread ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
The Brain

Maternal Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy is recognized as the cause of an epidemic of microcephaly and other neurological anomalies in human fetuses. It remains unclear how ZIKV accesses the highly vulnerable population of neural progenitors of the fetal central nervous system (CNS), and which cell types of the CNS may be viral reservoirs. In contrast, the related dengue virus (DENV) does not elicit teratogenicity. To model viral interaction with cells of the fetal CNS in vitro, we investigated the tropism of ZIKV and DENV for different induced pluripotent stem cell-derived human cells, with a particular focus on microglia-like cells. We show that ZIKV infected isogenic neural progenitors, astrocytes, and microglia-like cells (pMGLs), but was only cytotoxic to neural progenitors. Infected glial cells propagated ZIKV and maintained ZIKV load over time, leading to viral spread to susceptible cells. DENV triggered stronger immune responses and could be cleared by neural and glial cells more efficiently. pMGLs, when cocultured with neural spheroids, invaded the tissue and, when infected with ZIKV, initiated neural infection. Since microglia derive from primitive macrophages originating in proximity to the maternal vasculature, they may act as a viral reservoir for ZIKV and establish infection of the fetal brain. Infection of immature neural stem cells by invading microglia may occur in the early stages of pregnancy, before angiogenesis in the brain rudiments. Our data are also consistent with ZIKV and DENV affecting the integrity of the blood–brain barrier, thus allowing infection of the brain later in life.

Use of 3D culture systems to generate human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived [beta]-cells in vitro

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fantuzzi Federica ◽  
Toivonen Sanna ◽  
Schiavo Andrea Alex ◽  
Pachera Nathalie ◽  
Rajaei Bahareh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Beta Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Culture Systems ◽  
Induced Pluripotent
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