Tak1 in the astrocytes of mediobasal hypothalamus regulates anxiety‐like behavior in mice

Glia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faming Zhao ◽  
Tingting Zhang ◽  
Qing Shen ◽  
Kaili Yin ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediobasal Hypothalamus

1808-P: Is There Evidence of Gliosis Outside the Mediobasal Hypothalamus in Obese Adults?

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1808-P
Author(s):  
JENNIFER L. ROSENBAUM ◽  
SUSAN J. MELHORN ◽  
MARY ROSALYNN DE LEON ◽  
MARY WEBB ◽  
ELLEN SCHUR
Keyword(s):  
Mediobasal Hypothalamus ◽  
Obese Adults

scholarly journals Thyroid Hormone and the Neuroglia: Both Source and Target

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Mohácsik ◽  
Anikó Zeöld ◽  
Antonio C. Bianco ◽  
Balázs Gereben
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Hormone Regulation ◽  
Mediobasal Hypothalamus ◽  
Iodothyronine Deiodinase ◽  
Neuronal Gene ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Brain

Thyroid hormone plays a crucial role in the development and function of the nervous system. In order to bind to its nuclear receptor and regulate gene transcription thyroxine needs to be activated in the brain. This activation occurs via conversion of thyroxine to T3, which is catalyzed by the type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (D2) in glial cells, in astrocytes, and tanycytes in the mediobasal hypothalamus. We discuss how thyroid hormone affects glial cell function followed by an overview on the fine-tuned regulation of T3 generation by D2 in different glial subtypes. Recent evidence on the direct paracrine impact of glial D2 on neuronal gene expression underlines the importance of glial-neuronal interaction in thyroid hormone regulation as a major regulatory pathway in the brain in health and disease.

Role of hypothalamic inputs in maintaining pituitary-adrenal responsiveness in repeated restraint

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (5) ◽  
pp. E1110-E1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Zelena ◽  
Z. Mergl ◽  
A. Földes ◽  
K. J. Kovács ◽  
Z. Tóth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Mediobasal Hypothalamus ◽  
Hormonal Responses ◽  
Pomc Mrna ◽  
Paraventricular Nucleus Of Hypothalamus ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

The role of hypothalamic structures in the regulation of chronic stress responses was studied by lesioning the mediobasal hypothalamus or the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (PVH). Rats were acutely (60 min) and/or repeatedly (for 7 days) restrained. In controls, a single restraint elevated the plasma adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), corticosterone, and prolactin levels. Repeated restraint produced all signs of chronic stress, including decreased body and thymus weights, increased adrenal weight, basal corticosterone levels, and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA expression in the anterior pituitary. Some adaptation to repeated restraint of the ACTH response, but not of other hormonal responses, was seen. Lesioning of the mediobasal hypothalamus abolished the hormonal response and POMC mRNA activation to acute and/or repeated restraint, suggesting that the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis activation during repeated restraint is centrally driven. PVH lesion inhibited the ACTH and corticosterone rise to the first restraint by ∼50%. In repeatedly restrained rats with PVH lesion, the ACTH response to the last restraint was reduced almost to basal control levels, and the elevation of POMC mRNA level was prevented. PVH seems to be important for the repeated restraint-induced ACTH and POMC mRNA stimulation, but it appears to partially mediate other restraint-induced hormonal changes.

GnRH Release from the Mediobasal Hypothalamus: in vitro Inhibition by Corticotropin-Releasing Factor

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Gambacciani ◽  
Samuel S.C. Yen ◽  
Dennis D. Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Corticotropin Releasing Factor ◽  
Mediobasal Hypothalamus ◽  
Gnrh Release ◽  
In Vitro Inhibition

scholarly journals OR31-05 Emergence of Ovarian Hyperandrogenism and Luteal Insufficiency Following ESR1 Knockdown in the Mediobasal Hypothalamus of Adult Female Rhesus Monkeys

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon E Levine ◽  
Emily P Greinwald ◽  
Jesi A Felton ◽  
Matthew T Flowers ◽  
Molly M Willging ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Mediobasal Hypothalamus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Gadolinium Contrast ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Female Rhesus ◽  
Luteal Insufficiency ◽  
Ovarian Hyperandrogenism

Abstract Diminished estradiol (E2) negative feedback action by neuronal ESR1 in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) is hypothesized to cause gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) hypersecretion, and thus LH excess, contributing to ovarian hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In primates, including humans, however, the mediating estrogen receptor is unknown. Thus, to test the hypothesis that diminished E2 action on ARC ESR1 contributes to female primate ovarian hyperandrogenism, eleven, ovary intact, adult female rhesus macaques, pair housed with female peers, received five 12µl MRI-guided MBH infusions into the rostral-to-caudal extent of both right and left ARC. Each infusion comprised gadolinium contrast agent and ~3-4 x 1010 adeno-associated virus 8 (AAV8) particles containing either a shRNA specific for ESR1 (n=6, ERaKD) or scrambled shRNA (n=5, control). Mid-surgery MRI scans identified targeting accuracy. 2-2.5 years following AAV8 infusion, EIA-determined P4 values were obtained from twice weekly serum samples; samples obtained during the follicular phase of menstrual cycles or anovulatory periods were submitted to liquid chromatography, tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS) for additional steroid hormones. LCMS-determined values were also obtained 0 hours (h) and 24 h following an IM injection of 200IU hCG. Both ERaKD (28.5 ± 1.3 days, mean ± SEM) and control (34.0 ± 3.3 days) female groups exhibited comparably regular menstrual cycles. ERaKD exhibited higher circulating levels of LH (2.8 ± 0.2 ng/ml, p=0.03), androstenedione (A4, 0.43 ± 0.03 ng/ml, p=0.03) and testosterone (T, 0.23 ± 0.03 ng/ml, p=0.09), and LH/FSH ratio (1.7 ± 0.2, p=0.05) compared to controls (LH, 2.1 ± 0.4; A4, 0.30 ± 0.05; T, 0.18 ± 0.01 ng/ml; LH/FSH 1.3 ± 0.2). Following an ovarian androgen-stimulating hCG injection, ERaKD 24-h peak levels for T (0.28 ± 0.01 ng/ml) were higher (p=0.03) compared to controls (0.21 ± 0.01 ng/ml). In addition, luteal insufficiency emerged in ERaKD females, with mean (2.4 ± 0.3 ng/ml), peak (3.6 ± 0.4 ng/ml) and area-under-the-curve (AUC, 23.2 ± 4.2 ng/ml/days) P4 values diminished compared to controls (mean, 3.6 ± 0.1, p=0.01; peak 5.7 ± 0.1 ng/ml, p=0.01; AUC, 43.7 ± 6.7 ng/ml/days, p=0.03). Taken together, these results suggest that knockdown of ARC ESR1 disrupts Gn stimulation of ovarian function, contributing to female monkey ovarian hyperandrogenism and menstrual cycle impairment emulating PCOS in women.

Oestradiol increases the extracellular levels of amine metabolites in the ewe hypothalamus during anoestrus: a microdialysis study

1992 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Gayrard ◽  
B. Malpaux ◽  
J. C. Thiéry
Keyword(s):  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Homovanillic Acid ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mediobasal Hypothalamus ◽  
Extracellular Medium ◽  
Oestradiol Treatment ◽  
Microdialysis Study ◽  
Lh Secretion ◽  
Retrochiasmatic Area

ABSTRACT Giving a subcutaneous oestradiol implant during anoestrus to ovariectomized ewes inhibits pulsatile LH secretion. This effect results from an increased negative feedback of oestradiol and depends on the synthesis of biogenic amines, mainly from the mediobasal hypothalamus. In the present study, we examined the effect of oestradiol on the extracellular levels of amines and their metabolites. Eight ewes were sampled by microdialysis from the lateral retrochiasmatic area, including the dopaminergic A15 nucleus, during inhibition of LH secretion by long days. Two dialysis sessions were carried out on each ewe; one after a 10-day oestradiol treatment and the other one after 10 days without oestradiol treatment. Half of the ewes were first oestradiol-treated then untreated, the other half received the treatment in the reverse order. Oestradiol caused a decline in pulsatile LH secretion without affecting the secretion of prolactin. This steroid also led to a significant increase in the levels of amine metabolites: 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid in the extracellular medium. These results demonstrate the effect of oestradiol on aminergic activity as related to changes in hormonal secretions during long days (16 h of light per 24 h). Thus our data support the hypothesis that amines inhibit gonadotrophic secretion during anoestrus in the ewe and suggest that there is an activation of the aminergic neurones from the retrochiasmatic area in this regulatory mechanism. Journal of Endocrinology (1992) 135, 421–430

Pituitary Gonadotropic Activity and Ovarian Function After Deafferentation of the Mediobasal Hypothalamus (MBH) in the Rat

1978 ◽  
pp. 126-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. G. Baranov ◽  
O. N. Savchenko ◽  
M. V. Propp ◽  
O. A. Danilova ◽  
L. N. Maslova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Mediobasal Hypothalamus ◽  
Gonadotropic Activity

Met-enkephalin inhibits in vitro dopamine-induced LHRH release from mediobasal hypothalamus of male rats

Nature ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 274 (5668) ◽  
pp. 281-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. ROTSZTEJN ◽  
SOPHIA V. DROUVA ◽  
E. PATTOU ◽  
C. KORDON
Keyword(s):  
Male Rats ◽  
Mediobasal Hypothalamus ◽  
Lhrh Release
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