Schwann cell dedifferentiation-associated demyelination leads to exocytotic myelin clearance in inflammatory segmental demyelination

Glia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 1848-1862 ◽  
Author(s):  
So Young Jang ◽  
Byeol-A Yoon ◽  
Yoon Kyung Shin ◽  
Seoug Hoon Yun ◽  
Young Rae Jo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Segmental Demyelination ◽  
Cell Dedifferentiation

scholarly journals Proteasome inhibition suppresses injury‐induced myelin ovoid formation and Schwann cell dedifferentiation in the peripheral nerves

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hwan Tae Park ◽  
Hyun Kyoung Lee ◽  
Yoon Kyung Shin ◽  
Junyang Jung ◽  
Duk Joon Suh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Proteasome Inhibition ◽  
Cell Dedifferentiation

scholarly journals Axon contact-driven Schwann cell dedifferentiation

Glia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 864-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Soto ◽  
Paula V. Monje
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Cell Dedifferentiation

Lysophosphatidic acid propagates post-injury Schwann cell dedifferentiation through LPA1 signaling

2018 ◽  
Vol 662 ◽  
pp. 136-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Szepanowski ◽  
Leon-Phillip Szepanowski ◽  
Anne K. Mausberg ◽  
Christoph Kleinschnitz ◽  
Bernd C. Kieseier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Lysophosphatidic Acid ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Cell Dedifferentiation

scholarly journals Nogo-C Inhibits Peripheral Nerve Regeneration by Regulating Schwann Cell Apoptosis and Dedifferentiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Jia ◽  
Wei Huang ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Zhiwei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Cell Dedifferentiation

While Nogo protein demonstrably inhibits nerve regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS), its effect on Schwann cells in peripheral nerve repair and regeneration following sciatic nerve injury remains unknown. In this research, We assessed the post-injury expression of Nogo-C in an experimental mouse model of sciatic nerve-crush injury. Nogo-C knockout (Nogo-C–/–) mouse was generated to observe the effect of Nogo-C on sciatic nerve regeneration, Schwann cell apoptosis, and myelin disintegration after nerve injury, and the effects of Nogo-C on apoptosis and dedifferentiation of Schwann cells were observed in vitro. We found that the expression of Nogo-C protein at the distal end of the injured sciatic nerve increased in wild type (WT) mice. Compared with the injured WT mice, the proportion of neuronal apoptosis was significantly diminished and the myelin clearance rate was significantly elevated in injured Nogo-C–/– mice; the number of nerve fibers regenerated and the degree of myelination were significantly elevated in Nogo-C–/– mice on Day 14 after injury. In addition, the recovery of motor function was significantly accelerated in the injured Nogo-C–/– mice. The overexpression of Nogo-C in primary Schwann cells using adenovirus-mediated gene transfer promoted Schwann cells apoptosis. Nogo-C significantly reduced the ratio of c-Jun/krox-20 expression, indicating its inhibition of Schwann cell dedifferentiation. Above all, we hold the view that the expression of Nogo-C increases following peripheral nerve injury to promote Schwann cell apoptosis and inhibit Schwann cell dedifferentiation, thereby inhibiting peripheral nerve regeneration.

scholarly journals Dysregulation of NAD+ Metabolism Induces a Schwann Cell Dedifferentiation Program

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (29) ◽  
pp. 6546-6562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yo Sasaki ◽  
Amber R. Hackett ◽  
Sungsu Kim ◽  
Amy Strickland ◽  
Jeffrey Milbrandt
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Cell Dedifferentiation ◽  
Nad Metabolism

scholarly journals Fibroblasts Colonizing Nerve Conduits Express High Levels of Soluble Neuregulin1, a Factor Promoting Schwann Cell Dedifferentiation

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedetta E. Fornasari ◽  
Marwa El Soury ◽  
Giulia Nato ◽  
Alessia Fucini ◽  
Giacomo Carta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Cell Dedifferentiation ◽  
Nerve Conduits ◽  
Early Regeneration

Conduits for the repair of peripheral nerve gaps are a good alternative to autografts as they provide a protected environment and a physical guide for axonal re-growth. Conduits require colonization by cells involved in nerve regeneration (Schwann cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, macrophages) while in the autograft many cells are resident and just need to be activated. Since it is known that soluble Neuregulin1 (sNRG1) is released after injury and plays an important role activating Schwann cell dedifferentiation, its expression level was investigated in early regeneration steps (7, 14, 28 days) inside a 10 mm chitosan conduit used to repair median nerve gaps in Wistar rats. In vivo data show that sNRG1, mainly the isoform α, is highly expressed in the conduit, together with a fibroblast marker, while Schwann cell markers, including NRG1 receptors, were not. Primary culture analysis shows that nerve fibroblasts, unlike Schwann cells, express high NRG1α levels, while both express NRG1β. These data suggest that sNRG1 might be mainly expressed by fibroblasts colonizing nerve conduit before Schwann cells. Immunohistochemistry analysis confirmed NRG1 and fibroblast marker co-localization. These results suggest that fibroblasts, releasing sNRG1, might promote Schwann cell dedifferentiation to a “repair” phenotype, contributing to peripheral nerve regeneration.

Schwann Cell Reactions in Acute and Chronic Segmental Demyelinating Neuropathies

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 108-109
Author(s):  
Roy O. Weller
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Myelin Sheath ◽  
Wallerian Degeneration ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Segmental Demyelination ◽  
Recovery Stage ◽  
Myelin Sheaths ◽  
Demyelinating Neuropathies

The length of axon that each Schwann cell myelinates in a normal peripheral nerve is approximately proportional to the diameter of the axon and the thickness of the myelin sheath produced. When segmental demyelination occurs, individual segments, represented by the length of axon covered by one Schwann cell, lose their myelin sheaths but the axons are preserved. This differs from Wallerian degeneration where myelin destruction occurs along the length of a nerve fibre following death of the axon.In experimental diphtheritic neuropathy, an acute segmental demyelinating disease, lysosomes accumulate within the Schwann cells prior to disruption of the myelin sheath; furthermore, the site of initial myelin breakdown appears to be closely related to the collections of lysosomes. The Schwann cell starts to form a new myelin sheath around the axon probably within a few hours of the destruction of the original myelin sheath, and while the latter is being catabolised within lysosomal vacuoles This stage of remyelination follows a similar course to primary myelination, so that the recovery stage is characterised by normal axons with either no myelin, or surrounded by sheaths that are very thin relative to the diameter of the axon.

scholarly journals mTORC1 Is Transiently Reactivated in Injured Nerves to Promote c-Jun Elevation and Schwann Cell Dedifferentiation

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (20) ◽  
pp. 4811-4828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Norrmén ◽  
Gianluca Figlia ◽  
Patrick Pfistner ◽  
Jorge A. Pereira ◽  
Sven Bachofner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Cell Dedifferentiation

CSF-1-activated macrophages are target-directed and essential mediators of schwann cell dedifferentiation and dysfunction in Cx32-deficient mice

Glia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 977-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janos Groh ◽  
Ines Klein ◽  
Claudia Hollmann ◽  
Jennifer Wettmarshausen ◽  
Dennis Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Activated Macrophages ◽  
Cell Dedifferentiation ◽  
Deficient Mice
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