scholarly journals Endogenous GABA controls oligodendrocyte lineage cell number, myelination, and CNS internode length

Glia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola B. Hamilton ◽  
Laura E. Clarke ◽  
I. Lorena Arancibia-Carcamo ◽  
Eleni Kougioumtzidou ◽  
Moritz Matthey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Number ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Endogenous Gaba

The ultrastructure of acinar cells in the external orbital gland of young and old male rats

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-277
Author(s):  
R. Carriere
Keyword(s):  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Polyploid Cell ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Age Changes ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Golgi Membranes ◽  
Diploid Cells

The external orbital gland of the albino rat exhibits both sexual dimorphism and histological age changes. In males, many cells attain a remarkable degree of polyploidy and an increase of polyploid cell number constitutes the major age change until young adulthood. The acini of young adults have a small lumen and are composed of tall serous cells. Subsequently, many acini acquire a larger lumen with an irregular outline while numerous vacuoles accumulate throughout the secretory cells. At the same time, vesicular acini with a large lumen surrounded by pale-staining low cuboidal diploid cells begin to appear and their number increases throughout old age. The fine structure of external orbital glands from both sexes has been explored and in considering acinar cells from males, emphasis was given to the form of the Golgi membranes and to nuclear infoldings of cytoplasmic constituents.

Effects of the pseudomonad phytotoxin coronatine on tomato leaf structure and ultrastructure

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 862-863
Author(s):  
D.A. Palmer ◽  
C.L. Bender
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Cell Ultrastructure ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Prominent Symptom ◽  
Chlorophylls A And B ◽  
Cell Dimensions ◽  
Structure And Ultrastructure

Coronatine is a non-host-specific phytotoxin produced by several members of the Pseudomonas syringae group of pathovars. The toxin acts as a virulence factor in P. syringae pv. tomato, allowing the organism to multiply to a higher population density and develop larger lesions than mutant strains unable to produce the toxin. The most prominent symptom observed in leaf tissue treated with coronatine is an intense spreading chlorosis; this has been attributed to a loss of chlorophylls a and b in tobacco. Coronatine's effects on membrane integrity and cell ultrastructure have not been previously investigated. The present study describes changes in tomato leaves in response to treatment with purified coronatine, infection by a coronatine-producing strain of P. syringae pv. tomato, and infection by a cor" mutant.In contrast to H2O-treated tissue, coronatine-treated tissue showed a diffuse chlorosis extending approximately 5 mm from the inoculation site. Leaf thickness, cell number, and cell dimensions were similar for both healthy and coronatine-treated, chlorotic tissue; however, the epidermal cell walls were consistently thicker in coronatine-treated leaves (Figs, la and lb).

Apoptosis and development

2003 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 11-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin V McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Apoptotic Pathway ◽  
Genetic Pathways ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Multicellular Organisms

Apoptosis is an evolutionarily conserved process used by multicellular organisms to developmentally regulate cell number or to eliminate cells that are potentially detrimental to the organism. The large diversity of regulators of apoptosis in mammalian cells and their numerous interactions complicate the analysis of their individual functions, particularly in development. The remarkable conservation of apoptotic mechanisms across species has allowed the genetic pathways of apoptosis determined in lower species, such as the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster, to act as models for understanding the biology of apoptosis in mammalian cells. Though many components of the apoptotic pathway are conserved between species, the use of additional model organisms has revealed several important differences and supports the use of model organisms in deciphering complex biological processes such as apoptosis.

Culture of Arterial Endothelial Cells

1975 ◽  
Vol 34 (03) ◽  
pp. 825-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francois M Booyse ◽  
Bonnie J Sedlak ◽  
Max E Rafelson
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Intercellular Junctions ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Population Doubling ◽  
Homogeneous Population ◽  
Bovine Endothelial Cells ◽  
Pinocytotic Vesicles ◽  
Arterial Endothelial Cells ◽  
Doubling Times

SummaryArterial endothelial cells were obtained from bovine aortae by mild treatment with collagenase and medium perfusion. These cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium containing 15 mM Hepes buffer and 35% fetal calf serum at pH 7.35. Essentially ah (90–95%) the effluent cells were viable and 80% of these cells attached to the substratum within 1 hour. Small patches of attached cells coalesced to form confluent monolayers in 3–5 days. Confluent monolayers of endothelial cells consisted of a homogeneous population of tightly packed, polygonal cells. Selected cultures were serially subcultured (trypsin-EDTA) for 12–14 months (30–35 passages) without any apparent change in morphology or loss of growth characteristics. Primary and three-month old (15 passages) cultures had population doubling times of 32–34 hours and 29–31 hours, respectively. These cells (primary and subcultures) did not require a minimum cell number to become established in culture. Bovine endothelial cells (primary, first, fifth and thirteenth passages) were characterized ultrastructurally by the presence of Weibel-Palade bodies, pinocytotic vesicles and microfilaments and immunologically by the presence of thrombosthenin-like contractile proteins and Factor VIII antigen. The intercellular junctions of post-confluent cultures stained specifically with silver nitrate. From these data, we concluded that identifiable endothelial cells could be obtained from bovine aortae and cultured and maintained for prolonged periods of time.

Теория гетерогенного катализа. Теория хемосорбции

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Василий Садовников
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalysis ◽  
Potential Energy ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Lateral Interaction ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Crystal Face ◽  
Independent Particle ◽  
The Face

This monograph is a continuation of the monograph by V.V. Sadovnikov. Lateral interaction. Moscow 2006. Publishing house "Anta-Eco", 2006. ISBN 5-9730-0017-6. In this work, the foundations of the theory of heterogeneous catalysis and the theory of chemisorption are more easily formulated. The book consists of two parts, closely related to each other. These are the theoretical foundations of heterogeneous catalysis and chemisorption. In the theory of heterogeneous catalysis, an experiment is described in detail, which must be carried out in order to isolate the stages of a catalytic reaction, to find the stoichiometry of each of the stages. This experiment is based on the need to obtain the exact value of the specific surface area of the catalyst, the number of centers at which the reaction proceeds, and the output curves of each of the reaction products. The procedures for obtaining this data are described in detail. Equations are proposed and solved that allow calculating the kinetic parameters of the nonequilibrium stage and the thermodynamic parameters of the equilibrium stage. The description of the quantitative theory of chemisorption is based on the description of the motion of an atom along a crystal face. The axioms on which this mathematics should be based are formulated, the mathematical apparatus of the theory is written and the most detailed instructions on how to use it are presented. The first axiom: an atom, moving along the surface, is present only in places with minima of potential energy. The second axiom: the face of an atom is divided into cells, and the position of the atom on the surface of the face is set by one parameter: the cell number. The third axiom: the atom interacts with the surrounding material bodies only at the points of minimum potential energy. The fourth axiom: the solution of the equations is a map of the arrangement of atoms on the surface. The fifth axiom: quantitative equations are based on the concept of a statistically independent particle. The formation energies of these particles and their concentration are calculated by the developed program. The program based on these axioms allows you to simulate and calculate the interaction energies of atoms on any crystal face. The monograph is intended for students, post-graduate students and researchers studying work and working in petrochemistry and oil refining.

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