Olfactory ensheathing cells, but not schwann cells, proliferate and migrate extensively within moderately X-Irradiated juvenile rat brain

Glia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L. Lankford ◽  
Robert J. Brown ◽  
Masanori Sasaki ◽  
Jeffery D. Kocsis
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Olfactory Ensheathing Cells ◽  
Ensheathing Cells

scholarly journals Key differences between olfactory ensheathing cells and Schwann cells regarding phagocytosis of necrotic cells: implications for transplantation therapies

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Nazareth ◽  
T. B. Shelper ◽  
A. Chacko ◽  
S. Basu ◽  
A. Delbaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Olfactory Ensheathing Cells ◽  
Cytokine Responses ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Myelin Debris ◽  
Ensheathing Cells ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract Transplantation of peripheral nervous system glia is being explored for treating neural injuries, in particular central nervous system injuries. These glia, olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) and Schwann cells (SCs), are thought to aid regeneration by clearing necrotic cells, (necrotic bodies, NBs), as well as myelin debris. The mechanism by which the glia phagocytose and traffic NBs are not understood. Here, we show that OECs and SCs recognize phosphatidylserine on NBs, followed by engulfment and trafficking to endosomes and lysosomes. We also showed that both glia can phagocytose and process myelin debris. We compared the time-course of glial phagocytosis (of both NBs and myelin) to that of macrophages. Internalization and trafficking were considerably slower in glia than in macrophages, and OECs were more efficient phagocytes than SCs. The two glial types also differed regarding their cytokine responses after NB challenge. SCs produced low amounts of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α while OECs did not produce detectable TNF-α. Thus, OECs have a higher capacity than SCs for phagocytosis and trafficking, whilst producing lower amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These findings suggest that OEC transplantation into the injured nervous system may lead to better outcomes than SC transplantation.

Axonal signalling and the making of olfactory ensheathing cells: a hypothesis

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
KONSTANTIN WEWETZER ◽  
GUDRUN BRANDES
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Neurotrophin Receptor ◽  
Olfactory Ensheathing Cells ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Neural Repair ◽  
Ensheathing Cells

Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are Schwann cell-like glial cells of the olfactory system that promote neural repair under experimental conditions. It is a matter of debate in how far OECs resemble Schwann cells and whether they possess specific properties. Although OECs have been characterized mainly with respect to their regenerative effects after transplantation, both their cellular identity and the regulating factors involved have remained vague. The aim of this article is to define OEC and Schwann-cell identity in molecular terms, and to discuss crucial factors that are involved in determination in vitro and in vivo. Distinct OEC features such as the down-regulation of the low affinity neurotrophin receptor p75NTR by neuronal contact are apparent in vivo under physiological conditions, whereas OECs acquire a Schwann cell-like phenotype and up-regulate p75NTR expression in vitro and following transplantation into the lesioned spinal cord. This might indicate that establishment of the OEC phenotype depends on specific axonal stimuli. In this review we hypothesize that OECs and Schwann cells possess malleable cellular phenotypes that acquire distinct features only upon specific interaction with their natural neuronal partner. This concept is consistent with previous findings in vitro and in vivo, and might be relevant for studies that use OECs and Schwann cells for nervous system repair.

Comparison of neuregulin-1 expression in olfactory ensheathing cells, Schwann cells and astrocytes

2000 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell J. Thompson ◽  
Brett Roberts ◽  
Claire L. Alexander ◽  
Sarah K. Williams ◽  
Susan C. Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Olfactory Ensheathing Cells ◽  
Neuregulin 1 ◽  
Ensheathing Cells

scholarly journals Comparison of Schwann Cells and Olfactory Ensheathing Cells for Peripheral Nerve Gap Bridging

2012 ◽  
Vol 196 (6) ◽  
pp. 534-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Penna ◽  
G.-Bjoern Stark ◽  
Konstantin Wewetzer ◽  
Christine Radtke ◽  
Eva M. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Olfactory Ensheathing Cells ◽  
Ensheathing Cells ◽  
Gap Bridging

Distinct cell tropism of canine distemper virus strains to adult olfactory ensheathing cells and Schwann cells in vitro

2009 ◽  
Vol 144 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somporn Techangamsuwan ◽  
Ludwig Haas ◽  
Karl Rohn ◽  
Wolfgang Baumgärtner ◽  
Konstantin Wewetzer
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Olfactory Ensheathing Cells ◽  
Cell Tropism ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Distinct Cell ◽  
Ensheathing Cells ◽  
Virus Strains

Olfactory ensheathing cells promote migration of Schwann cells by secreted nerve growth factor

Glia ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 897-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Cao ◽  
Yan-Ling Zhu ◽  
Zhida Su ◽  
Baolai Lv ◽  
Zhihui Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Olfactory Ensheathing Cells ◽  
Nerve Growth ◽  
Ensheathing Cells
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