Characteristics of the 2000 fissure eruption and lava flow fields at Mount Cameroon volcano, West Africa: a combined field mapping and remote sensing approach

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.N. Wantim ◽  
C.E. Suh ◽  
G.G.J. Ernst ◽  
M. Kervyn ◽  
P. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Lava Flow ◽  
Flow Fields ◽  
Fissure Eruption ◽  
Field Mapping ◽  
Mount Cameroon

scholarly journals Hazards from lava–river interactions during the 1783–1784 Laki fissure eruption

2020 ◽  
Vol 132 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 2651-2668
Author(s):  
Frances Boreham ◽  
Katharine Cashman ◽  
Alison Rust
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Lava Flow ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Fissure Eruption ◽  
Lava Flows ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Geological Evidence ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Remote Mapping

Abstract Interactions between lava flows and surface water are not always considered in hazard assessments, despite abundant historical and geological evidence that they can create significant secondary hazards (e.g., floods and steam explosions). We combine contemporary accounts of the 1783–1784 Laki fissure eruption in southern Iceland with morphological analysis of the geological deposits to reconstruct the lava–water interactions and assess their impact on residents. We find that lava disrupted the local river systems, impounded water that flooded farms and impeded travel, and drove steam explosions that created at least 2979 rootless cones on the lava flow. Using aerial photographs and satellite-derived digital terrain models, we mapped and measured 12 of the 15 rootless cone groups on the Laki lava field. We have identified one new rootless cone group and provide data that suggest another cone group previously attributed to the 939–940 CE Eldgjá eruption was created by the Laki eruption. We then use contemporary accounts to estimate formation dates and environments for each cone group, which formed in wetland/lake areas, on riverbeds, and near areas of impounded water. Furthermore, comparison with previous field studies shows that assessments using remote sensing can be used to identify and map meter-scale and larger features on a lava flow, although remote mapping lacks the detail of field observations. Our findings highlight the different ways in which lava can interact with surface water, threatening people, property, water supplies, and infrastructure. For these reasons, anticipation of such interactions is important in lava flow hazard assessment in regions with abundant surface water; we further demonstrate that remote sensing can be an effective tool for identifying lava–water interactions in past lava flows.

Geomorphological response to volcanic activity at Stromboli volcano using multi-platform remote sensing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Di Traglia ◽  
Alessandro Fornaciai ◽  
Massimiliano Favalli ◽  
Teresa Nolesini ◽  
Nicola Casagli
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Lava Flow ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Volcanic Activity ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Flow Fields ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Mass Wasting ◽  
Validation Data ◽  
Loose Deposits

<p>Steep volcano flanks are geomorphological systems highly responsive to both exogenous dynamics and endogenous forcing. While the external (gravitational) processes lead to a shift of material from steeper slopes to areas with lower gradients (erosion of loose deposits, rockfall of lavas/welded material), magmatic and tectonic activity can have either a constructional (accumulation) or a destructive effect (triggering moderate- to large-scale mass-wasting). Remotely sensed data have often been used to map areas affected by lithological and morphological changes, i.e. to identify areas impacted by eruptive and post-eruptive (landslides or floods) phenomena, as well as to quantify topographic changes.</p><p>In this work, the geomorphological evolution of the Sciara del Fuoco (SdF) depression on the Island of Stromboli (Italy) between July 2010 and October 2019 has been reconstructed by using multi-temporal, multi-platform remote sensing data. Digital elevation models (DEMs) from PLEIADES-1 tri-stereo images and from LiDAR acquisitions allowed the topographic changes estimation. Data comprised also high-spatial-resolution (QUICKBIRD) and moderate spatial resolution (SENTINEL-2) satellite images allowing to map areas affected by major lithological and morphological changes. SdF was selected being the optimal test-site for monitoring the effect of volcanic eruption on steep-slope volcano flank, since: i) it is affected by persistent volcanic activity, ii) it is prone to mass-wasting phenomena, and iii) it is one of the best studied and, among all, monitored volcano on Earth, providing exceptional validation data and ground-truth constrains.</p><p>During the analysed period, the volcano experienced two eruptions (summer 2014 and summer 2019), with the emplacement of two lava flow fields on the SdF. Before the 2014 effusion and in between the two eruptions, geomorphological changes consisted of volcanoclastic sedimentation and some overflows outside the crater. The effusive (and partially explosive) activity produced larger topographic changes, related to the emplacement of the two lava flow fields and to the accumulation of a volcaniclastic wedge on the SdF. This work shows that, at Stromboli, the emplacements of lava flow fields were preceded and accompanied by the accumulation of volcanoclastic wedges on the SdF. The quantification of these volcanoclastic wedges is relevant because they are composed of the same material that was involved in the 30 December 2002 tsunamigenic landslide, besides being located in the same area.</p><p>PLEIADES tri-stereo and LiDAR DEMs have been quantitatively and qualitatively compared, providing a first indication on the differences between two largely used methods for modelling topography. Although there are small artefacts in smaller ridges and valleys, there is still a clear consistency between the two DEMs for the main valleys and ridges. This analysis can be used by the volcanological community and the civil protection authorities in case of a cost-benefit analysis for planning the best method for updating topography and quantify morphological changes of an active volcano.</p>

UAV-based remote sensing surveys of lava flow fields: a case study from Etna’s 1974 channel-fed lava flows

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Favalli ◽  
Alessandro Fornaciai ◽  
Luca Nannipieri ◽  
Andrew Harris ◽  
Sonia Calvari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Lava Flow ◽  
Flow Fields ◽  
Lava Flows

Eruptive and earthquake activities related to the 2000 eruption of Mount Cameroon volcano (West Africa)

2009 ◽  
Vol 179 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 206-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Ateba ◽  
C. Dorbath ◽  
L. Dorbath ◽  
N. Ntepe ◽  
M. Frogneux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Mount Cameroon
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