Regional stratigraphy and human occupation of the upper Susitna River basin, central Alaska Range

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-399
Author(s):  
John C. Blong
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Alaska Range

Late Holocene human occupation of the Patagonian forests: a case study in the Cisnes river basin

Antiquity ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (317) ◽  
pp. 560-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
César A. Méndez M. ◽  
Omar R. Reyes B.
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Compare And Contrast ◽  
Sea Coast

How early did steppe dwellers penetrate the forests? The authors compare and contrast settlement on the steppe, in the forest and on the steep sea coast of western Patagonia, finding that the steppe is occupied first, from 11400 calendar years BP. But around 2800 calendar years BP settlements enter the forest almost simultaneously for a brief period along the length of the Cisnes river valley. Within a few centuries the experiment appears to be abandoned, and the focus of prehistoric peoples returns to the steppe.

scholarly journals Lanskap Hunian Prasejarah di Kawasan Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Karama, Mamuju, Sulawesi Barat

AMERTA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-92
Author(s):  
Citra Iqliyah Darojah ◽  
Anggraeni Anggraeni
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Upstream Region ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Site Characteristics

Abstract, Researches at Karama River Basin sites have been conducted for years which gave indication of intensive human occupation during Prehistoric period. Hence, it is necessary to reveal and to understand the reason behind this human occupation based on the correlation between morphology, site characteristics, and site distributions. Scientific method was applied to obtain data from the field and to conduct spatial analysis. Disturbance caused by erosion and morphologic changes led to archaeological data transformation and also affected physical environment of archaeological sites. However, that kind of disturbance did not reduce the the importance of physical environment as spatial analysis data. Spatial analysis of sites along the main stem of Karama River both in downstream region and upstream region indicates occupation landscape characteristics. These characteristics can be seen from the location of the occupation which was close to waterway alluvial morphology (hilltop, hill terrace, and river terrace), at relatively flat surface area, and along the riverside or river confluence. There are two highlighted factors from landscape characteristics to support human occupation: accessibility and protection. Accessibility means there is no difficulties to access natural resources and there is possible access to secure interaction between communities. Protection means the location is relatively safe or less affected by both natural and human hazards. Those factors were probably the main reasons to choose Karama River Basin for human settlement.Abstrak, Penelitian situs di kawasan Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Karama, Sulawesi Barat, telah dilakukan selama bertahun-tahun dan menghasilkan indikasi aktivitas hunian yang intensif pada masa Prasejarah. Dengan demikian, perlu diupayakan mencari alasan di balik penghunian manusia di DAS Karama berdasarkan korelasi antara morfologi, karakteristik situs, dan distribusi situs. Metode saintifik diterapkan untuk mendapatkan data dari lapangan dan melakukan analisis spasial. Perubahan morfologi lokasi situs dan erosi di kawasan DAS Karama menyebabkan transformasi data arkeologi serta memengaruhi lingkungan fisik lokasi situs. Meskipun demikian, pengaruh tersebut tidak lantas mengurangi pentingnya komponen fisik lokasi situs sebagai data analisis spasial. Analisis korelasi data dari situs, baik di sepanjang aliran utama Sungai Karama di kawasan muara maupun di kawasan pedalaman, mengindikasikan karakteristik lanskap hunian. Karakteristik tersebut menunjukkan lokasi hunian berada pada morfologi aluvial sungai (puncak bukit, teras bukit, dan teras sungai), berada pada topografi lahan yang relatif datar dan berlokasi di tepi aliran utama sungai atau di tepi pertemuan sungai (confluence). Ada dua faktor utama yang mendukung kawasan DAS Karama sebagai lokasi hunian, yakni aksesibilitas dan keamanan. Faktor aksesibilitas meliputi kemudahan akses terhadap sumber daya alam dan akses yang memungkinkan terjadinya interaksi antarkomunitas. Faktor keamanan menunjukkan bahwa lokasi situs relatif terlindungi dari ancaman bencana alam dan manusia. Kedua faktor tersebut kemungkinan besar menjadi alasan utama manusia memilih kawasan DAS Karama sebagai lokasi hunian.

scholarly journals SÍTIO ARQUEOLÓGICO TRÊS FRONTEIRAS No 7: Um Abrigo do Holoceno Médio no Alto Araçuaí, Minas Gerais

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Alessandra Mendes Carvalho Vasconcelos ◽  
Alexandre Christófaro Silva ◽  
Marcelo Fagundes ◽  
Matheus Kuchenbecker ◽  
Valdinêy Amaral Leite
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Multidisciplinary Team ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Espinhaço Range ◽  
Eastern Border ◽  
Rock Shelters

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma síntese das intervenções realizadas no Complexo Arqueológico Três Fronteiras, uma área que até o momento apresentou um total de 16 abrigos sob rocha quartzítica, todos com marcas evidentes de ocupação humana. A área está localizada na Serra do Espinhaço Meridional, mais precisamente em sua face leste (Serra Negra), nordeste de Minas Gerais, na bacia do Araçuaí, municípios de Felício dos Santos e de Senador Modestino Gonçalves. O abrigo no 7 foi escavado por uma equipe multidisciplinar com a intenção de obter datas e repertório cultural para posteriores análises e discussões com os resultados de outros sítios regionais escavados. Logo, o sítio Três Fronteiras no 7 obteve data de 4100 ± 30 anos AP. situando sua ocupação durante o Holoceno Médio, resultado comum para outros abrigos locais. TRÊS FRONTEIRAS ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE No 7: A Shelter of The Mid-Holocene in the Araçuaí River Basin, Minas GeraisABSTRACTThe objective of this article is to summarize the interventions so far carried out within the Três Fronteiras Archaeological Complex, composed by 16 quartzite rock shelters with outstanding evidences of human occupation. The area is located in the eastern border of the southern Espinhaço range (Serra Negra), in which is drained by the Araçuaí river basin, in the municipalities of Felício dos Santos and Senador Modestino Gonçalves, Minas Gerais. The shelter no 7 was excavated by a multidisciplinary team with the intention of obtaining ages and material culture for further analysis and comparison with other archaeological sites. The oldest evidence of occupation within the site was dated in 4100 ± 30 yr BP. (Mid Holocene), which is coherent with the chronologies found in other sites.keywords: Espinhaço Meridional Range; Mid-Holocene; Três Fronteiras; Landscapes; Paleoenvironment.

scholarly journals Patterns of human occupation during the early Holocene in the Central Ebro Basin (NE Spain) in response to the 8.2 ka climatic event

2009 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. González-Sampériz ◽  
P. Utrilla ◽  
C. Mazo ◽  
B. Valero-Garcés ◽  
MC. Sopena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Ebro Basin ◽  
Cold Event ◽  
Ebro River ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Iberian Range ◽  
Ne Spain

AbstractThe Central Ebro River Basin (NE Spain) is the most northern area of truly semi-arid Mediterranean climate in Europe and prehistoric human occupation there has been strongly influenced by this extreme environmental condition. Modern climate conditions single out this region due to the harsh environment, characterised by the highest absolute summer temperatures of the Ebro River Basin. The Bajo Aragón region (SE Ebro River Basin) was intensively populated during the Early Holocene (9400–8200 cal yr BP) but the settlements were abandoned abruptly at around 8200 cal yr BP. We propose that this “archaeological silence” was caused by the regional impact of the global abrupt 8.2 ka cold event. Available regional paleoclimate archives demonstrate the existence of an aridity crisis then that interrupted the humid Early Holocene. That environmental crisis would have forced hunter-gatherer groups from the Bajo Aragón to migrate to regions with more favourable conditions (i.e. more humid mountainous areas) and only return in the Neolithic. Coherently, archaeological sites persist during this crisis in the nearby Iberian Range (Maestrazgo) and the North Ebro River area (Pre-Pyrenean mountains and along the northwestern Ebro Basin).

scholarly journals RECURSOS ASSOCIADOS À PESCA E MARISQUEO NAS SOCIEDADES PRÉ-HISPÂNICAS DO RIO DE LA PLATA, URUGUAI.

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (32) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Laura Beovide
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Rio De La Plata ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Río De La Plata ◽  
La Plata ◽  
The Past ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Repeated Use ◽  
Del Rio

Resumen: Durante la ocupación humana del Holoceno del medio y reciente en la cuenca del río Santa Lucía, tributario del Río de la Plata, se identificaron una serie de asentamientos vinculados con actividades de pesquería y marisqueo.  El presente trabajo expone tanto los recursos arqueoictícolas como arqueomalacológicos que pudieron haber estructurado dichas actividades,  así como los recursos arqueobotánicos, zooarqueológicos y minerales asociados.  En base a lo anterior,  se propone un entorno de la costumbre y social vinculado a la pesca y marisqueo en el pasado, que implicó, entre otras cosas, estrategias de uso reiterado de los recursos y de los espacios costeros considerados. Abstract: During human occupation of middle and recently Holocene in Santa Lucía River basin, tributary of Río de la Plata, a series of settlements linked to fishery and shellfishing activities were identified. The present work exposes ichthyoarchaeological and archeomalacological resources that could have structured these activities, as well as the resources archaeobotanical, zooarchaeological and associated minerals. Based on the above, an environment of habit and social linked to fishing and shellfishing in the past is proposed, which involved, among other things, strategies for repeated use of resources and coastal areas considered. Resumo: Durante a ocupação humana do Holoceno Médio e recentemente na bacia do rio Santa Lucía, afluente do Rio de la Plata, foi identificada uma série de assentamentos ligados às atividades de pesca e marisco. O presente trabalho expõe tanto a arqueofauna como os recursos arqueomalacológicos que poderiam estruturar essas atividades, bem como os recursos arqueobotânicos, zooarqueológicos e minerais associados. Com base no acima exposto, é proposto um ambiente social e costumeiro ligado à pesca e ao marisco no passado, que envolveu, entre outras coisas, estratégias para o uso repetido dos recursos e áreas costeiras consideradas.

scholarly journals MODELAGEM E ANÁLISE TEMPORAL DA DINÂMICA DO USO E OCUPAÇÃO DO SOLO NA BACIA DO RIO CUIÁ-PB

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (17) ◽  
pp. 11617
Author(s):  
Leonardo Pereira e Silva ◽  
Adriano Nascimento da Paixão
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Land Use ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Multi Layer Perceptron ◽  
Kappa Index ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Analysis Of Dynamics ◽  
Del Rio

MODELING AND TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF DYNAMICS OF SOIL USE AND OCCUPATION IN THE CUIÁ-PB RIVER BASINMODELACIÓN Y ANÁLISIS TEMPORAL DE LA DINÁMICA DEL USO Y OCUPACIÓN DEL SUELO EN LA CUENCA DEL RÍO CUIÁ-PBRESUMONas últimas duas décadas o crescimento da população acelerou o processo de ocupação humana nessas áreas ao longo dos rios, criando diversos problemas ambientais. Assim, este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar as mudanças no uso e ocupação do solo na bacia do rio Cuiá e estimar o uso e ocupação do solo para a bacia da Cuiá para o ano de 2030, utilizando algoritmo de Redes Neurais artificiais: Rede Neural Multi-Layer Perceptron. Dessa forma, foi realizado o processamento de imagens de satélites dos anos de 1998, 2001 e 2005, realizada a predição do uso do solo para o ano de 2001 baseado em Redes Neurais para a validação. Em seguida, o resultado da predição do uso do solo foi analisado pelo do índice Kappa e após obtenção do índice Kappa com um resultado de acordo com a classificação prevista por Landis & Koch (1977) foi realizada a predição do uso e ocupação do solo para 2030. Os resultados mostraram um aumento da classe Ocupadas entre os anos analisados. A modelagem dinâmica do uso do solo baseada em Rede Neural mostrou resultados satisfatórios para a bacia do rio Cuiá com acurácia de 98,64%, após 10.000 iterações e índice Kappa igual a 0,94, classificado como excelente. A previsão do uso do solo para 2030 apresentou aumento da área da classe Ocupada e uma diminuição da área com expansão.Palavras-chave: Uso do solo. Redes neurais. Geoprocessamento.ABSTRACTIn the last two decades the population growth accelerated the process of human occupation in these areas along the rivers, creating several environmental problems. Thus this study aimed to analyze the changes in land use and occupation in the Cuiá river basin and to estimate the land use and occupation for the Cuiá basin for the year 2030 using an artificial neural network algorithm: Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network. In this way, the satellite image processing of the years of 1998, 2001 and 2005 was carried out, with the prediction of the use of the ground for the year 2001 based on neural networks for the validation, followed by the prediction of the land use was analyzed through the Kappa index and after obtaining the Kappa with a result according to the classification predicted by Landis & Koch (1977) the use and occupation of the soil was predicted by 2030. The results showed an increase of the Occupied class among the analyzed years. The dynamic modeling of soil use based on Neural Network showed satisfactory results for the Cuiá River basin with accuracy of 98.64%, after 10,000 iterations and Kappa equal to 0.94, classified as excellent. Prediction of land use for 2030 showed an increase in the area of the occupied class and a decrease of the area with expansion.Keywords: Soil use. Neural network. Geoprocessing.RESUMENEn las últimas dos décadas el crecimiento de la población aceleró el proceso de ocupación humana en esas áreas a lo largo de los ríos, creando diversos problemas ambientales. Entonces este trabajo tuvo por objetivo analizar los cambios en el uso y ocupación del suelo en la cuenca del Río Cuiá y estimar el uso y ocupación del suelo para la cuenca de Cuiá para el año 2030 utilizando algoritmo de Redes Neurales Artificiales: Red Neural Multi-Layer Perceptron. De esta forma, se realizó el procesamiento de imágenes de satélites de los años 1998, 2001 y 2005, realizada la predicción del uso del suelo para el año 2001 basado en Redes Neurales para la validación, luego el resultado de la predicción del uso del suelo se analizó por el índice Kappa y tras la obtención del índice Kappa con un resultado de acuerdo con la clasificación prevista por Landis & Koch (1977) se realizó la predicción del uso y ocupación del suelo para 2030. Los resultados mostraron un aumento de la clase Ocupados entre los años analizados. El modelado dinámico del uso del suelo basado en Red Neural mostró resultados satisfactorios para la cuenca del Río Cuiá con exactitud del 98,64%, después de 10.000 iteraciones e índice Kappa igual a 0,94, clasificado como excelente. La previsión del uso del suelo para 2030 presentó aumento del área de la clase Ocupada y una disminución del área con expansión.Palabras clave: Uso del suelo. Red neurales; Geoprocesamiento.

Geology of the Dry Creek Site; a Stratified Early Man Site in Interior Alaska

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Thorson ◽  
Thomas D. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Local Source ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Geologic Mapping ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Alaska Range ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Glacial Outwash ◽  
Loess Deposition ◽  
Formed Part

The Dry Creek archeologic site contains a stratified record of late Pleistocene human occupation in central Alaska. Four archeologic components occur within a sequence of multiple loess and sand layers which together form a 2-m cap above weathered glacial outwash. The two oldest components appear to be of late Pleistocene age and occur with the bones of extinct game animals. Geologic mapping, stratigraphic correlations, radiocarbon dating, and sediment analyses indicate that the basal loess units formed part of a widespread blanket that was associated with an arctic steppe environment and with stream aggradation during waning phases of the last major glaciation of the Alaska Range. These basal loess beds contain artifacts for which radiocarbon dates and typologic correlations suggest a time range of perhaps 12,000–9000 yr ago. A long subsequent episode of cultural sterility was associated with waning loess deposition and development of a cryoturbated tundra soil above shallow permafrost. Sand deposition from local source areas predominated during the middle and late Holocene, and buried Subarctic Brown Soils indicate that a forest fringe developed on bluff-edge sand sheets along Dry Creek. The youngest archeologic component, which is associated with the deepest forest soil, indicates intermittent human occupation of the site between about 4700 and 3400 14C yr BP.

State Factor Control of Soil Formation in Interior Alaska

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmond C. Packee ◽  
David K. Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Striking Feature ◽  
Alaska Range ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Interior Highlands ◽  
Interior Alaska ◽  
Boreal Soils

The most striking feature of Alaska’s boreal soils, compared to those from most other biomes, is the lack of significant soil development even though much of interior Alaska has not been glaciated for millions of years. Soils in the boreal region support forest ecosystems that account for nearly half of the land area of Alaska. Worldwide, boreal forests store nearly a third of the terrestrial carbon (Apps et al. 1993). Hence, changes in boreal soils could greatly impact the global carbon balance (Chapter 19). Another striking feature of boreal soils is their great local variation due to slope and aspect. Compared to the well-developed, colorful soils of the temperate and tropical regions, boreal soils generally have ochric (yellowish brown) colors in uplands and dark-colors in lowlands due to organic matter accumulations. These lowlands account for 85% of the wetland inventory in the United States (Bridgham et al. 2001). Soil is a mixture of geological parent material and organic matter altered by weathering and the action of living organisms and conditioned by topography over time. Jenny (1941) defined the major factors that influence soil formation as parent material, organisms, topography, climate, and time. When only one of these factors varies, soil characteristics can be treated as a function of that factor (Chapter 1). Soils are also responsive to anthropogenic changes, such as agriculture and forestry, that alter interactive controls at the local scale (Moore and Ping 1989). Interior Alaska consists of several broad, nearly level lowlands with elevations mostly below 500 m and rounded mountains with elevations up to about 2000 m (Wahrhaftig 1965). The Interior Highlands Ecoregion (Chapter 2) includes the Kuskokwim Highlands and the Interior Highlands. The Interior Bottomlands Ecoregion includes the Koyukuk-Innoko Lowland, the Kanuti Flats, and the Tanana- Kuskokwim Lowlands (Rieger et al. 1979). The Copper River Basin south of the Alaska Range has a climate and vegetation similar to that of interior Alaska. The Copper River Basin has fine-textured subsoils of lacustrine origin. Soils from the Alaska Range, the Kuskokwim, and the Interior Highlands generally form in glacial deposits and residual materials and have abundant rock fragments.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document