scholarly journals The effect of high‐fat versus high‐carb diet on body composition in strength‐trained males

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Wrzosek ◽  
Jakub Woźniak ◽  
Dariusz Włodarek
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Carb Diet

scholarly journals Differential Effects of Short-term Ketogenic, High Fat and Fructose-enriched Diets on Metabolic Parameters in Mice (P08-042-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Cortez ◽  
John Solitro ◽  
Brian Hong ◽  
Emily Villarreal ◽  
Gerardo Mackenzie
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Carbohydrate Source ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Glucose Levels

Abstract Objectives Dietary composition influences multiple facets of human health and is inextricably linked to chronic metabolic conditions such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a ketogenic (KD), a high fat (HF), and a fructose-enriched (FR) diets on glucose homeostasis, body composition and grip strength performance in mice. Methods Healthy C57BL/6 J mice (5–6 mice/group) were fed, either a control diet containing approximately 16% total calories from fat (CT), a diet containing 89% fat (KD), a diet with 50% total calories from fat (HF), or a diet with 32% fructose as carbohydrate source (FR). All diets contained 10% protein and all mice were fed ad libitum for 8 weeks. At baseline and 8 weeks, we evaluated body composition using NMR relaxometry, grip strength, non-fasting glucose levels, and ketone levels. In addition, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was conducted by administering glucose by oral gavage (1 g/kg body weight) after 15 hour-fasting and blood glucose levels were measured at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after glucose administration. Results All mice, irrespectively of their experimental diet groups, increased their body weight, fat mass and adiposity without significant differences among them. After 4 weeks, the HF (P < 0.05) and FR (P < 0.01) groups had significantly higher glucose levels than control. At 8 weeks, the KD groups showed an improved glucose homeostasis compared to CT group, as determined by OGTT. Moreover, compared to the CT group, grip strength performance increased (although did not reached significance) in the KD group (P = 0.054), and decreased in the FR group (P < 0.05). Moreover, when compared to their respective baseline values, grip strength performance increased in KD-fed mice and decreased in FR-fed mice, but differences among them were not statistically significant (P = 0.07). Conclusions Our preliminary findings indicate that altering macronutrient composition can lead to metabolic and physiological changes. Among the three diets tested, the KD showed an improved glucose utilization and better grip strength performance in mice. Additional mechanistic studies are warranted to better understand these metabolic differences among the experimental diets. Funding Sources funds from the University of California, Davis.

Abstract 58: Angiotensin-(1-7) Mas Receptors In The Arcuate Nucleus Of The Hypothalamus Protect Against High Fat Diet-induced Insulin Resistance In Female Mice

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren Mehay ◽  
Sarah Bingaman ◽  
Yuval Silberman ◽  
Amy Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Arcuate Nucleus ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Metabolic Outcomes

Angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) is a protective hormone of the renin-angiotensin system that improves insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and energy balance in obese rodents. Our recent findings suggest that Ang-(1-7) activates mas receptors (MasR) in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC), a brain region critical to control of energy balance and glucose homeostasis, to induce these positive metabolic effects. The distribution of MasR in the ARC and their role in metabolic regulation, however, is unknown. We hypothesized: (1) MasR are expressed in the ARC; and (2) deletion of ARC MasR leads to worsened metabolic outcomes following high fat diet (HFD). To test this, male and female C57Bl/6J mice were fed a 60% HFD or matched control diet ad libitum for 12 weeks. RNAscope in situ hybridization was performed on coronal ARC sections in rostral-middle-caudal regions to determine percentage of MasR positive neurons (n=5/group). In a second experiment, we assessed body composition and insulin and glucose tolerance in transgenic mice with deletion of MasR in ARC neurons (MasR-flox with AAV5-hsyn-GFP-Cre). RNAscope revealed a wide distribution on MasR-positive cells throughout the rostral to caudal extent of the ARC. The average percentage of MasR positive neurons was increased in females versus males, with HFD tending to increase MasR expression in both sexes (control diet male: 11±2; control diet female: 17±3; HFD male: 15±5; HFD female: 24±2; p sex : 0.030; p diet : 0.066; p int : 0.615; two-way ANOVA). Deletion of MasR in ARC neurons worsened insulin sensitivity in HFD but not control diet females (area under the curve for change in glucose from baseline: -1989±1359 HFD control virus vs. 2530±1762 HFD Cre virus; p=0.016), while fasting glucose, glucose tolerance, and body composition did not change. There was no effect of ARC MasR deletion on metabolic outcomes in control diet or HFD male mice. These findings suggest females have more MasR positive neurons in the ARC compared to males, which may be a sex-specific protective mechanism for glucose homeostasis. While further studies are needed to explore the role of ARC MasR in metabolic regulation, these findings support targeting Ang-(1-7) as an innovative strategy in obesity.

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) attenuates diet-induced aortic stiffening independent of changes in body composition

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 802-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler Garner ◽  
An Ouyang ◽  
Adam J. Berrones ◽  
Marilyn S. Campbell ◽  
Bing Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Aortic Stiffness ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Mitochondrial Uncoupling

We hypothesized a sweet potato intervention would prevent high-fat (HF) diet−induced aortic stiffness, which would be associated with decreased arterial oxidative stress and increased mitochondrial uncoupling. Young (8-week old) C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: low fat (LF; 10% fat), HF (60% fat), low-fat sweet potato (LFSP; 10% fat containing 260.3 μg/kcal sweet potato), or high-fat sweet potato diet (HFSP; 60% fat containing 260.3 μg/kcal sweet potato) for 16 weeks. Compared with LF and LFSP, HF- and HFSP-fed mice had increased body mass and percent fat mass with lower percent lean mass (all, P < 0.05). Sweet potato intervention did not influence body composition (all, P > 0.05). Arterial stiffness, assessed by aortic pulse wave velocity and ex vivo mechanical testing of the elastin region elastic modulus (EEM) was greater in HF compared with LF and HFSP animals (all, P < 0.05). Advanced glycation end products and nitrotyrosine abundance were greater in aortic segments from HF mice compared with LF and HFSP animals (all, P < 0.05). Aortic elastin and uncoupling protein 2 expressions, however, were reduced in HF compared with LF and HFSP mice (all, P < 0.05). Aortic segments cultured with 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), a mitochondrial uncoupler, for 72 h reduced the EEM of HF arteries compared with nontreated HF segments (P < 0.05). DNP had no effect on the EEM of aortic segments from HFSP mice. In conclusion, sweet potato attenuates diet-induced aortic stiffness independent of body mass and composition, which is associated with a normalization of arterial oxidative stress possibly due to mitochondrial uncoupling.

scholarly journals Adult offspring of high-fat diet-fed dams can have normal glucose tolerance and body composition

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Platt ◽  
R. J. Charnigo ◽  
K. J. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Fat Diets

Maternal high-fat diet consumption and obesity have been shown to program long-term obesity and lead to impaired glucose tolerance in offspring. Many rodent studies, however, use non-purified, cereal-based diets as the control for purified high-fat diets. In this study, primiparous ICR mice were fed purified control diet (10–11 kcal% from fat of lard or butter origin) and lard (45 or 60 kcal% fat) or butter (32 or 60 kcal% fat)-based high-fat diets for 4 weeks before mating, throughout pregnancy, and for 2 weeks of nursing. Before mating, female mice fed the 32 and 60% butter-based high-fat diets exhibited impaired glucose tolerance but those females fed the lard-based diets showed normal glucose disposal following a glucose challenge. High-fat diet consumption by female mice of all groups decreased lean to fat mass ratios during the 4th week of diet treatment compared with those mice consuming the 10–11% fat diets. All females were bred to male mice and pregnancy and offspring outcomes were monitored. The body weight of pups born to 45% lard-fed dams was significantly increased before weaning, but only female offspring born to 32% butter-fed dams exhibited long-term body weight increases. Offspring glucose tolerance and body composition were measured for at least 1 year. Minimal, if any, differences were observed in the offspring parameters. These results suggest that many variables should be considered when designing future high-fat diet feeding and maternal obesity studies in mice.

Conjugated linoleic acid rapidly reduces body fat content in mice without affecting energy intake

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (4) ◽  
pp. R1172-R1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. DeLany ◽  
Fawn Blohm ◽  
Alycia A. Truett ◽  
Joseph A. Scimeca ◽  
David B. West
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Fat Accumulation

Recent reports have demonstrated that conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has effects on body fat accumulation. In our previous work, CLA reduced body fat accumulation in mice fed either a high-fat or low-fat diet. Although CLA feeding reduced energy intake, the results suggested that some of the metabolic effects were not a consequence of the reduced food intake. We therefore undertook a study to determine a dose of CLA that would have effects on body composition without affecting energy intake. Five doses of CLA (0.0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0% by weight) were studied in AKR/J male mice ( n = 12/group; age, 39 days) maintained on a high-fat diet (%fat 45 kcal). Energy intake was not suppressed by any CLA dose. Body fat was significantly lower in the 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0% CLA groups compared with controls. The retroperitoneal depot was most sensitive to the effects of CLA, whereas the epididymal depot was relatively resistant. Higher doses of CLA also significantly increased carcass protein content. A time-course study of the effects of 1% CLA on body composition showed reductions in fat pad weights within 2 wk and continued throughout 12 wk of CLA feeding. In conclusion, CLA feeding produces a rapid, marked decrease in fat accumulation, and an increase in protein accumulation, at relatively low doses without any major effects on food intake.

scholarly journals Prebiotics Must Achieve a Threshold of Increase in Gut Probiotic Bacteria to Impart Beneficial Health Effects on the Host

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1544-1544
Author(s):  
Breann Abernathy ◽  
Tonya Schoenfuss ◽  
Allison Bailey ◽  
Daniel Gallaher
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Dietary Fibers ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Liver Lipids ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

Abstract Objectives Prebiotic dietary fibers are dietary fibers that] are highly fermented in the large intestine, produce beneficial changes in the gut microbiome, and impart a health benefit to the host. Using reactive extrusion, we have synthesized a novel dietary fiber that is an oligosaccharide of polymerized lactose, which we term polylactose. Here we report on two studies feeding polylactose to rats to determine its prebiotic potential. Methods In Exp. 1, the polylactose preparation contained 51% dietary fiber, 20% free lactose, 5% glucose, and 24% other materials. Rats were fed high fat diets containing 9% total dietary fiber, including cellulose (control, CE, 9%), polylactose (PL, 6%), polydextrose (PD, 6%), and fructooligosaccharide (FOS, 6%). In Exp. 2, the polylactose preparation contained 75% dietary fiber, 9% lactose, 3% glucose, and 13% other materials. Rats were again fed high fat diets containing 9% total dietary fiber, including CE (9%), polylactose (6% or 3%), PD (6%), and galactooligosaccharide (GOS, 6%). In both experiments, rats were fed for 10 weeks, then cecums (empty), cecal contents, livers, and epididymal fat pads were collected. In addition, body composition was determined by MRI. Results In both experiments, final body weight and daily energy intake did not differ among the groups. In Exp. 1, feeding PL greatly increased cecum weight (an indicator of fermentation), cecal Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species abundance, increased cecal acetate and propionate, and reduced liver lipids and fat pad weight, compared to the CE group. While PD and FOS increased probiotic species and short chain fatty acids slightly (compared to CE), this was not to the same extent as PL and did not reduce fatty liver and adiposity. In Exp. 2, 6% PL increased cecum weight relative to 3% PF, PD and GOS, all of which were greater than CE. The cecal microbiome was similar among PL (both 3 and 6%), PD, and GOS, all of which differed from CE and were similar to PD and FOS from Exp. 1. Liver lipids, fat pad weight, and body composition did not differ among any of the groups. Conclusions The prebiotic activity of polylactose differed depending on the preparation, for unknown reasons. However, our results suggest there is a threshold of probiotic bacteria abundance that must be attained before beneficial effects are imparted on the host by prebiotics. Funding Sources Midwest Dairy Association.

scholarly journals Bioelectrical impedance analysis and anthropometry for the determination of body composition in rats: effects of high-fat and high-sucrose diets

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Rodrigues Neto Angéloco ◽  
Rafael Deminice ◽  
Izabel de Arruda Leme ◽  
Renata Cristina Lataro ◽  
Alceu Afonso Jordão
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Sucrose

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to determine the impedance of Wistar rats treated with high-fat and high-sucrose diets and correlate their biochemical and anthropometric parameters with chemical analysis of the carcass. METHODS: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were fed a standard (AIN-93), high-fat (50% fat) or high-sucrose (59% of sucrose) diet for 4 weeks. Abdominal and thoracic circumference and body length were measured. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to determine resistance and reactance. Final body composition was determined by chemical analysis. RESULTS: Higher fat intake led to a high percentage of liver fat and cholesterol and low total body water in the High-Fat group, but these changes in the biochemical profile were not reflected by the anthropometric measurements or bioelectrical impedance analysis variables. Anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance analysis changes were not observed in the High-Sucrose group. However, a positive association was found between body fat and three anthropometric variables: body mass index, Lee index and abdominal circumference. CONCLUSION: Bioelectrical impedance analysis did not prove to be sensitive for detecting changes in body composition, but body mass index, Lee index and abdominal circumference can be used for estimating the body composition of rats.

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