scholarly journals Absorption of omega‐3 fats from carbohydrate and proteinaceous food matrices before and after storage

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey J. Smith ◽  
Ann Barrett ◽  
Danielle Anderson ◽  
Marques A. Wilson ◽  
Andrew J. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Omega 3 ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Proteinaceous Food ◽  
Food Matrices

scholarly journals Dietary adaptation of FADS genes in Europe varied across time and geography

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaixiong Ye ◽  
Feng Gao ◽  
David Wang ◽  
Ofer Bar-Yosef ◽  
Alon Keinan
Keyword(s):  
Positive Selection ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Dietary Adaptation ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Rate Limiting

AbstractFatty acid desaturase (FADS) genes encode rate-limiting enzymes for the biosynthesis of omega-6 and omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs). This biosynthesis is essential for individuals subsisting on LCPUFAs-poor, plant-based diets. Positive selection on FADS genes has been reported in multiple populations, but its presence and pattern in Europeans remain elusive. Here, with analyses of ancient and modern DNA, we demonstrated that positive selection acted on the same FADS variants both before and after the advent of farming in Europe, but on opposite alleles. Selection in recent farmers also varied geographically, with the strongest signal in Southern Europe. These varying selection patterns concur with anthropological evidence of differences in diets, and with the association of recently-adaptive alleles with higher FADS1 expression and enhanced LCPUFAs biosynthesis. Genome-wide association studies revealed associations of recently-adaptive alleles with not only LCPUFAs, but also other lipids and decreased risk of several inflammation-related diseases.

Omega 3 Improves Both apoB100-containing Lipoprotein Turnover and their Sphingolipid Profile in Hypertriglyceridemia

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (10) ◽  
pp. 3152-3164
Author(s):  
Véronique Ferchaud-Roucher ◽  
Yassine Zair ◽  
Audrey Aguesse ◽  
Michel Krempf ◽  
Khadija Ouguerram
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Metabolism ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
Multicompartmental Model ◽  
Neutral And Polar Lipids ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Vldl Triglyceride

Abstract Context Evidence for an association between sphingolipids and metabolic disorders is increasingly reported. Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs) improve apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100)-containing lipoprotein metabolism, but their effects on the sphingolipid content in lipoproteins remain unknown. Objectives In subjects with hypertriglyceridemia, we analyzed the effect of n-3 LC-PUFAs on the turnover apoB100-containing lipoproteins and on their sphingolipid content and looked for the possible association between these lipid levels and apoB100-containing lipoprotein turnover parameters. Methods Six subjects underwent a kinetic study before and after n-3 supplementation for 2 months with 1 g of fish oil 3 times day containing 360 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 240 mg of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the form of triglycerides. We examined apoB100-containing lipoprotein turnover by primed perfusion labeled [5,5,5-2H3]-leucine and determined kinetic parameters using a multicompartmental model. We quantified sphingolipid species content in lipoproteins using mass spectrometry. Results Supplementation decreased very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), triglyceride, and apoB100 concentrations. The VLDL neutral and polar lipids showed increased n-3 LC-PUFA and decreased n-6 LC-PUFA content. The conversion rate of VLDL1 to VLDL2 and of VLDL2 to LDL was increased. We measured a decrease in total apoB100 production and VLDL1 production. Supplementation reduced the total ceramide concentration in VLDL while the sphingomyelin content in LDL was increased. We found positive correlations between plasma palmitic acid and VLDL ceramide and between VLDL triglyceride and VLDL ceramide, and inverse correlations between VLDL n-3 LC-PUFA and VLDL production. Conclusion Based on these results, we hypothesize that the improvement in apoB100 metabolism during n-3 LC-PUFA supplementation is contributed to by changes in sphingolipids

scholarly journals Omega-3 supplementation improves isometric strength but not muscle anabolic and catabolic signaling in response to resistance exercise in healthy older adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastiaan Dalle ◽  
Evelien Van Roie ◽  
Charlotte Hiroux ◽  
Mathias Vanmunster ◽  
Walter Coudyzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Muscle Inflammation ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Old skeletal muscle exhibits decreased anabolic sensitivity, eventually contributing to muscle wasting. Besides anabolism, also muscle inflammation and catabolism are critical players in regulating the old skeletal muscle’s sensitivity. Omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3) are an interesting candidate to reverse anabolic insensitivity via anabolic actions. Yet, it remains unknown whether ω-3 also attenuates muscle inflammation and catabolism. The present study investigates the effect of ω-3 supplementation on muscle inflammation and metabolism (anabolism/catabolism) upon resistance exercise (RE). Twenty-three older adults (OA) (65-84yr;8♀) were randomized to receive ω-3 (~3g·d -1) or corn oil (PLAC) and engaged in a 12-wk RE program (3x·wk -1). Before and after intervention, muscle volume, strength and systemic inflammation were assessed, and muscle biopsies were analysed for markers of anabolism, catabolism and inflammation. Isometric knee-extensor strength increased in ω-3 (+12.2%), but not in PLAC (-1.4%; pinteraction=0.015), whereas leg press strength improved in both conditions (+27.1%; ptime<0.001). RE, but not ω-3, decreased inflammatory (p65NF-κB) and catabolic (FOXO1, LC3b) markers, and improved muscle quality. Yet, muscle volume remained unaffected by RE and ω-3. Accordingly, muscle anabolism (mTORC1) and plasma CRP remained unchanged by RE and ω-3, whereas serum IL-6 tended to decrease in ω-3 (pinteraction=0.07). These results show that, despite no changes in muscle volume, RE-induced gains in isometric strength can be further enhanced by ω-3. However, ω-3 did not improve RE-induced beneficial catabolic or inflammatory adaptations. Irrespective of muscle volume, gains in strength (primary criterion for sarcopenia) might be explained by changes in muscle quality due to muscle inflammatory or catabolic signaling.

scholarly journals Cytokine Dysregulation inMECP2- andCDKL5-Related Rett Syndrome: Relationships with Aberrant Redox Homeostasis, Inflammation, andω-3 PUFAs

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Leoncini ◽  
Claudio De Felice ◽  
Cinzia Signorini ◽  
Gloria Zollo ◽  
Alessio Cortelazzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rett Syndrome ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Cyclin Dependent Kinase ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cytokine Dysregulation

An involvement of the immune system has been suggested in Rett syndrome (RTT), a devastating neurodevelopmental disorder related to oxidative stress, and caused by a mutation in the methyl-CpG binding protein 2 gene (MECP2) or, more rarely, cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5). To date, it is unclear whether both mutations may have an impact on the circulating cytokine patterns. In the present study, cytokines involved in the Th1-, Th2-, and T regulatory (T-reg) response, as well as chemokines, were investigated inMECP2- (MECP2-RTT) (n=16) andCDKL5-Rett syndrome (CDKL5-RTT) (n=8), before and afterω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) supplementation. A major cytokine dysregulation was evidenced in untreated RTT patients. InMECP2-RTT, a Th2-shifted balance was evidenced, whereas inCDKL5-RTT both Th1- and Th2-related cytokines (except for IL-4) were upregulated. InMECP2-RTT, decreased levels of IL-22 were observed, whereas increased IL-22 and T-reg cytokine levels were evidenced inCDKL5-RTT. Chemokines were unchanged. The cytokine dysregulation was proportional to clinical severity, inflammatory status, and redox imbalance. Omega-3 PUFAs partially counterbalanced cytokine changes, as well as aberrant redox homeostasis and the inflammatory status. RTT is associated with a subclinical immune dysregulation as the likely consequence of a defective inflammation regulatory signaling system.

scholarly journals Omega-3 Fatty Acid Plasma Levels Before and After Supplementation: Correlations with Mood and Clinical Outcomes in the Omega-3 and Therapy Studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Eugene Arnold ◽  
Andrea S. Young ◽  
Martha A. Belury ◽  
Rachel M. Cole ◽  
Barbara Gracious ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Therapy Studies

scholarly journals The role of zinc sulphate and omega 3 in improving of albumin level on pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Paru Hospital Surabaya 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Fara Disa Durry ◽  
Bambang Wirjatmadi
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Zinc Sulphate ◽  
Albumin Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Before And After

The epidemiology of Tuberculosis (TB) showed that TB is a disease which is associated with malnutrition. Malnutrition and lacking of certain essential nutrients required by immune system might cause immune function deficiency resulting higher susceptibility to bacterial and viral infections. There is positive correlation between immune system and high nutrient contents, such as Vitamin C, zinc, and antioxidants that brings good effect on infections, including Tuberculosis. One of the efforts conducted to help promoting improving albumin level on pulmonary tuberculosis patients is through zinc and sulphate provision followed by Omega-3 supplementation. This study was conducted in 2015 aimed to analyze the role of Zinc Sulphate Omega-3 provision in improving albumin level on pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Paru Hospital, Surabaya.This study applied randomized study design using Pre-test and Post-test Control group design on patients suffering pulmonary tuberculosis. This study was conducted by administering Zinc Sulphate and Omega-3 on treatment group and placebo on the control group. The samples of this study consisted of 20 pulmonary tuberculosis patients divided into two groups: treatment group and control group. Each group consisted of 10 patients. Statistical analysis was conducted using paired T-test and independent t-test. The results is There were significant differences in albumin level (p = 0.001) in the treatment group before and after supplementation Zinc Sulphate And Omega 3. While in the control group between before and after supplementation Zinc Sulphate And Omega 3 showed no significant differences in body weight (p = 0.224). The conclusions is Zinc Sulphate and Omega 3 plays a role in increasing albumin level respondents. There are significant differences on albumin level before and after supplementation Zinc Sulphate And Omega 3.

Erythrocytes and Skeletal Muscle Unsaturated and Omega-6 Fatty Acids Are Positively Correlated after Caloric Restriction and Exercise

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miquel Martorell ◽  
Victoria Pons ◽  
Joan Carles Domingo ◽  
Xavier Capó ◽  
Antoni Sureda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Omega 6

Background: Nutritional intervention studies with fatty acid (FA) supplements assess the efficacy of the intervention by measuring the changes in erythrocyte membrane lipid profiles reflected in tissue composition changes. The aim was to determine the effects of caloric restriction (CR) on erythrocytes lipid composition and to compare and correlate these changes with skeletal muscle acid profiles after CR. Methods: Erythrocytes were obtained from 11 healthy men before and after 4 weeks of 33% CR in post-exercise conditions; muscle biopsies were obtained from the same athletes after 4 weeks of 33% CR in post-exercise conditions. Samples were used for FA determination by chromatography. Results: CR significantly modified erythrocyte FAs composition. Skeletal muscle FA profile was significantly different from that for the erythrocytes. The erythrocyte FA profile was more saturated (52.1 ± 1.5% and 32.8 ± 0.9%, respectively) and less monounsaturated (21.0 ± 0.8% and 39.0 ± 2.0%, respectively) than the skeletal muscle FA profile and similarly polyunsaturated. Conclusions: CR modifies erythrocyte lipid composition, mainly omega-6 FAs. Erythrocyte monounsaturated, polyunsaturated and omega-6 FAs, but not the saturated and omega-3 FAs, were significantly positively correlated with skeletal muscle FAs. There is a discordance between saturated and omega-3 FAs from erythrocyte and from muscle, but monounsaturated, polyunsaturated and omega-6 fatty acids are positively correlated.

scholarly journals Plasma Eicosapentaenoic Acid Is Associated with Muscle Strength and Muscle Damage after Strenuous Exercise

Sports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Eisuke Ochi ◽  
Kenichi Yanagimoto ◽  
Yosuke Tsuchiya
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Strength Loss ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Before And After

Background: Although the ingestion of total omega–3 fatty acids (omega–3) is positively related with muscular strength in older persons, little is known about the effect of omega–3 plasma levels on muscular function before and after exercise in young men. Moreover, omega–3 supplementation has a positive role in exercise-induced acute muscle damage. This study investigated the relationship between plasma omega–3 in the blood and promotion and preservation of muscle strength after eccentric contractions (ECCs) in young men. Methods: Thirty-two healthy young men participated in this study. We assessed plasma omega–3 level and the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). Twenty-six out of them exercised 60 ECCs at 100% MVC. We measured the MVC torque, flexibility before and immediately after exercise, 1–5 days post exercise. Results: The levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and EPA/arachidonic acid were positively associated with muscle strength (p < 0.05). Higher levels of omega–3 EPA and docosahexaenoic acid prevented the reduction in the MVC and limited joint flexibility after ECCs. Conclusions: The present study reveals that higher levels of EPA are important to promote muscle strength and preserve the strength loss after exercise.

scholarly journals DIABETIC POLYNEUROPATHY;

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
NASER ZANGIABADI, MD ◽  
MOHAMAD NAEIM AHRARI, MD ◽  
NOUZAR NAKHAEE, MD
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Diabetic Polyneuropathy ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
F Wave

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus with the prevalence rate of 8.9-12.3% in human population,ultimately leads to the peripheral nervous system involvement in many patients. It causes various types ofpolyneuropathies which may manifest abnormalities such as impaired nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and prolongedF-wave latency. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of omega-3 fatty acids on NCV and F-wave latency.Material and Methods: This clinical trial was performed on diabetic patients referring to the Diabetes Center of ShahidBahonar Hospital in Kerman/Iran. Subjects were randomly divided to Omega-3 and Control (no treatment) group.Patients in the case group received three capsules of omega-3 daily and for the duration of 12 weeks. NCV and F-wavelatency were determined in all patients before and after the treatment period. The rate of alterations in these variablesin the two groups was analyzed by using statistical tests. Results: Controlling for baseline NCV and F- wave latencymeasures, follow up results showed no significant difference between the Omega-3 and the no-treatment group inaccordance to somatic nerve measures. Conclusion: No significant difference in electro diagnostic indices was foundbefore and after Omega-3 administration. This result may be due to using the combination of docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA).Short term administration and lack of sufficient time for drug efficacy can beother probable reason. Further studies with the administration of pure forms of EPA or DHA and longer period ofadministration are suggested.

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