Terrestrial Hydrology (NASA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (17) ◽  
pp. 6-6
Keyword(s):  
Terrestrial Hydrology

scholarly journals Regional Climate–Weather Research and Forecasting Model

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (9) ◽  
pp. 1363-1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin-Zhong Liang ◽  
Min Xu ◽  
Xing Yuan ◽  
Tiejun Ling ◽  
Hyun I. Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Ecosystem Model ◽  
Climate Prediction ◽  
Weather Research And Forecasting ◽  
Forecasting Model ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Terrestrial Hydrology ◽  
Weather Research

The CWRF is developed as a climate extension of the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) by incorporating numerous improvements in the representation of physical processes and integration of external (top, surface, lateral) forcings that are crucial to climate scales, including interactions between land, atmosphere, and ocean; convection and microphysics; and cloud, aerosol, and radiation; and system consistency throughout all process modules. This extension inherits all WRF functionalities for numerical weather prediction while enhancing the capability for climate modeling. As such, CWRF can be applied seamlessly to weather forecast and climate prediction. The CWRF is built with a comprehensive ensemble of alternative parameterization schemes for each of the key physical processes, including surface (land, ocean), planetary boundary layer, cumulus (deep, shallow), microphysics, cloud, aerosol, and radiation, and their interactions. This facilitates the use of an optimized physics ensemble approach to improve weather or climate prediction along with a reliable uncertainty estimate. The CWRF also emphasizes the societal service capability to provide impactrelevant information by coupling with detailed models of terrestrial hydrology, coastal ocean, crop growth, air quality, and a recently expanded interactive water quality and ecosystem model. This study provides a general CWRF description and basic skill evaluation based on a continuous integration for the period 1979– 2009 as compared with that of WRF, using a 30-km grid spacing over a domain that includes the contiguous United States plus southern Canada and northern Mexico. In addition to advantages of greater application capability, CWRF improves performance in radiation and terrestrial hydrology over WRF and other regional models. Precipitation simulation, however, remains a challenge for all of the tested models.

Canada’s Contributions to the SWOT Mission – Terrestrial Hydrology(SWOT-C TH)

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Pietroniro ◽  
Daniel L. Peters ◽  
Daqing Yang ◽  
Jean-Michel Fiset ◽  
Robert Saint-Jean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Terrestrial Hydrology

scholarly journals Optimal Strategy of a GPS Position Time Series Analysis for Post-Glacial Rebound Investigation in Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Bogusz ◽  
Anna Klos ◽  
Krzysztof Pokonieczny
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Isostatic Adjustment ◽  
Glacial Rebound ◽  
Position Time Series ◽  
Terrestrial Hydrology ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Baltic

We describe a comprehensive analysis of the 469 European Global Positioning System (GPS) vertical position time series. The assumptions we present should be employed to perform the post-glacial rebound (PGR)-oriented comparison. We prove that the proper treatment of either deterministic or stochastic components of the time series is indispensable to obtain reliable vertical velocities along with their uncertainties. The statistical significance of the vertical velocities is examined; due to their small vertical rates, 172 velocities from central and western Europe are found to fall below their uncertainties and excluded from analyses. The GPS vertical velocities reach the maximum values for Scandinavia with the maximal uplift equal to 11.0 mm/yr. Moreover, a comparison between the GPS-derived rates and the present-day motion predicted by the newest Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) ICE-6G_C (VM5a) model is provided. We prove that these rates agree at a 0.5 mm/yr level on average; the Sweden area with the most significant uplift observed agrees within 0.2 mm/yr. The largest discrepancies between GIA-predicted uplift and the GPS vertical rates are found for Svalbard; the difference is equal to 6.7 mm/yr and arises mainly from the present-day ice melting. The GPS-derived vertical rates estimated for the southern coast of the Baltic Sea are systematically underestimated by the GIA prediction by up to 2 mm/yr. The northern British Isles vertical rates are overestimated by the GIA model by about 0.5 mm/yr. The area of the Netherlands and the coastal area of Belgium are both subsiding faster than it is predicted by the GIA model of around 1 mm/yr. The inland part of Belgium, Luxemburg and the western part of Germany show strong positive velocities when compared to the GIA model. Most of these stations uplift of more than 1 mm/yr. It may be caused by present-day elastic deformation due to terrestrial hydrology, especially for Rhein basin, or non-tidal atmospheric loading, for Belgium and Luxembourg.

A new fully-coupled atmospheric-hydrological model for urban areas: development and testing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdad Talebpour ◽  
Claire Welty ◽  
Elie Bou-Zeid
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Model Output ◽  
Impervious Surfaces ◽  
New Model ◽  
Terrestrial Hydrology ◽  
Rain Events ◽  
Fully Coupled

<p>Urban areas have distinct features (e.g. impervious surfaces) which modify the energy-water balance at the upper subsurface, lower atmosphere, and over the land surface. Moreover, the atmosphere and groundwater are strongly coupled in places with shallow groundwater. To improve the understanding of urban atmospheric-hydrological processes, their interconnections, and their impacts on other environmental processes, a new fully-coupled urban atmosphere-surface-subsurface hydrometeorological model was developed. The new model brings together WRF-PUCM (Princeton Urban Canopy Model) with ParFlow (a 3D variably saturated groundwater model with an integrated 2D overland flow component) to build WRF-PUCM-PF. The new model and the original non-coupled WRF-PUCM were both applied to a small watershed (10.64 km2) in a heavily urbanized area in the Baltimore metropolitan region as a demonstration test case. To capture atmospheric-hydrological processes at scales closer to urban heterogeneous land cover, models were run at a 90-m horizontal resolution using the LES mode in WRF. The analysis period after the two models were spun up to an identical initial condition spanned 96 hours from July 19 to July 23, 2008. The period was selected as it started with a drydown period for 40 hours followed by several intense rain events. This period allowed evaluation of both models' responses to dry-down and rain events. First the models were run with homogeneous similar hydrogelogic input to isolate the effect of terrestrial hydrology implementations in each model. In response to rain events, the homogeneous WRF-PUCM model output gained and retained a 40% greater amount of soil moisture (area-averaged) compared to the homogeneous WRF-PUCM-PF case. WRF-PUCM performed poorly in lateral distribution of water due to its 1D implementation of subsurface hydrology and lack of overland flow parameterization. The spatial distribution of soil moisture at the end of the simulation in a homogeneous WRF-PUCM model looked similar to the cumulative spatial distribution rain at the end of the simulation with no indication of surface topography impact on soil moisture distribution. On the other hand, lateral movement of water in WRF-PUCM-PF resulted in a more realistic distribution of soil moisture following topography. To further analyze the impact of urban areas, results of WRF-PUCM-PF simulations incorporating heterogeneous subsurface hydrogeology  were compared with WRF-PUCM with its 2D implementation of hydrogeology units for the region. The heterogeneous WRF-PUCM model generated a 10-fold greater area-averaged soil moisture increase compared to the heterogeneous WRF-PUCM-PF case. Influenced by lateral hydrology and impervious surfaces, the heterogeneous WRF-PUCM-PF model output, generated lower latent heat flux, resulting in half of the domain having higher land surface temperatures (2-10 ◦C), compared to the heterogeneous WRF-PUCM model. Overall, the new model provides a tool that can enhance simulation of urban areas by combining ParFlow’s representation of terrestrial hydrology, PUCM’s improved representation of the urban heterogeneous energy and water balance, and incorporation of higher-resolution urban heterogeneous microclimatic variations.</p>

scholarly journals Coupling the terrestrial hydrology model with biogeochemistry to the integrated LAND surface model: Amazon Basin applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (13-14) ◽  
pp. 1954-1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Anderson de Castro ◽  
Luz Adriana Cuartas ◽  
Michael T. Coe ◽  
Celso Von Randow ◽  
Andrea Castanho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Land Surface Model ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Hydrology Model ◽  
Terrestrial Hydrology

Global change and terrestrial hydrology-a review

Tellus B ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 176-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT E. DICKINSON
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Terrestrial Hydrology

scholarly journals The Review of GRACE Data Applications in Terrestrial Hydrology Monitoring

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Jiang ◽  
Jianhua Wang ◽  
Yaohuan Huang ◽  
Kang Zhou ◽  
Xiangyi Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Grace Data ◽  
Monitoring Result ◽  
Terrestrial Water ◽  
Terrestrial Hydrology ◽  
Grace Satellite ◽  
Gravity Recovery ◽  
Storage Change ◽  
Hydrological Monitoring

The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite provides a new method for terrestrial hydrology research, which can be used for improving the monitoring result of the spatial and temporal changes of water cycle at large scale quickly. The paper presents a review of recent applications of GRACE data in terrestrial hydrology monitoring. Firstly, the scientific GRACE dataset is briefly introduced. Recently main applications of GRACE data in terrestrial hydrological monitoring at large scale, including terrestrial water storage change evaluation, hydrological components of groundwater and evapotranspiration (ET) retrieving, droughts analysis, and glacier response of global change, are described. Both advantages and limitations of GRACE data applications are then discussed. Recommendations for further research of the terrestrial water monitoring based on GRACE data are also proposed.

scholarly journals Theory and Application of the Numerical Simulation in the Frozen Soil Problems

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Liye Song ◽  
Yirang Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Transformation Method ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Free Boundaries ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Thaw Depth ◽  
Terrestrial Hydrology ◽  
Coordinate Transformation Method

The freezing-thawing processes in soils are important components of terrestrial hydrology, which significantly influence energy and water exchanges between land surface and sub-surface. Long-term changes in frost and thaw depths are also an important indicator of climate change. A water-heat coupled movements model is established with frozen soil in this paper, which treats the freezing/thawing front as a moving interface governed by some Stefan problems with two free boundaries. The numerical simulation is conducted by using the modified finite difference method. The model is validated to compare its predictions with GEWEX Asian Monsoon Experiment(GAME)-Tibet observations at D66 site in Tibetan Plateau. The results show that the simulated soil temperature, soil water content and frost/thaw depth are in excellent agreement with the measured values. Finally, optimal error estimation for L^∞ norm is derived on the model problem by using coordinate transformation method. The numerical simulation system is established on the basis of rigorous mathematics and mechanics, which successfully solved the important and difficult problems of environmental science.

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