Actions of essential oils on the central nervous system: An updated review.

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 300-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Dobetsberger ◽  
Gerhard Buchbauer
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Sedative Effect of Monoterpene Alcohols in Mice: A Preliminary Screening

2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 563-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damião Pergentino de Sousa ◽  
Ellen Raphael ◽  
Ursula Brocksom ◽  
Timothy John Brocksom
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Sedative Effect ◽  
Depressant Effect ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Pharmacological Potential ◽  
Sedative Drugs

Many essential oils and monoterpenes are used therapeutically as relaxing drugs and tranquilizers. In this study, ten structurally related monoterpene alcohols, present in many essential oils, were evaluated in mice to investigate their pharmacological potential in the central nervous system. Isopulegol (1), neoisopulegol (2), (±)-isopinocampheol (3), (-)-myrtenol (4), (-)-cis-myrtanol (5), (+)-p-menth-1-en-9-ol (6) and (±)-neomenthol (8) exhibited a depressant effect in the pentobarbital-induced sleep test, indicating a sedative property. (-)- Menthol (7), (+)-dihydrocarveol (9), and (±)-isoborneol (10) were ineffective in this test. The results show that these psychoactive monoterpenes have the profile of sedative drugs, and this pharmacological effect is influenced by the structural characteristics of the molecules

Evaluation of Central Nervous System Acting Effects of Citrus Peel Essential Oils Extracted Using Enzyme Technology on Rodent Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (30) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Versha Parcha 2 Versha Parcha, Sukanya Chetri and Shikha Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Rodent Models ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Citrus Peel ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Abstract-There is growing evidence of measurable effects of essential oils in animal brains and so more clinical research is required to validate their influence on the human central nervous system. This will enable us to discover essential oil-based drugs for treatment of mental illnesses such as depression, anxiety etc. Several methods have been developed to obtain oil from oil-rich plant materials using aqueous enzymatic methods. By using enzymes to mediate the extraction, it is possible to maintain mild conditions and effect superior extraction. The enzymes such as cellulase, hemicellulase, pectinase and protease are the most favourable enzymes for degrading the cell wall in oilseeds to loosen oil sacs embedded in the seed structures. Reduced equipment costs and energy consumption are also potentially possible, since oil and protein may be recovered simultaneously Therefore, the present study is proposed on quality and quantity enhancement of essential oils from citrus peel waste through enzymatic intervention and evaluates their effect on the central nervous system in Rodent Models. As an attempt to obtain the essential oil through hydro distillation HD and hydro distillation enzyme assisted HDEA was carried out. Several experiments have been conducted to determine the optimal process parameters for both methods, i.e., substrate to solvent ratio, extraction temperature, extraction time, enzyme loading, and incubation time etc. to Obtain essential oil from citrus peel collected from the local market of Dehradun. Total yield and physical characteristics like specific Gravity, viscosity, refractive index, acid, Saponification, iodine no etc. were compared. Both samples of oil CA-1 and CA-2 were further screened for their effect on Central Nervous System on the rodent model. Result indicated HDEAnot only improved yield but also has sustainably stimulant effect on the central nervous system as compared to HD. Keywords: Essential oil, Enzymes, Central nervons system.

Effects of Hyperoxia on Lung Utrastructure

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Gladys Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Oxygen Effects ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Space Age ◽  
Alveolar Septa ◽  
Extensive Damage

With the advent of the space age and the need to determine the requirements for a space cabin atmosphere, oxygen effects came into increased importance, even though these effects have been the subject of continuous research for many years. In fact, Priestly initiated oxygen research when in 1775 he published his results of isolating oxygen and described the effects of breathing it on himself and two mice, the only creatures to have had the “privilege” of breathing this “pure air”.Early studies had demonstrated the central nervous system effects at pressures above one atmosphere. Light microscopy revealed extensive damage to the lungs at one atmosphere. These changes which included perivascular and peribronchial edema, focal hemorrhage, rupture of the alveolar septa, and widespread edema, resulted in death of the animal in less than one week. The severity of the symptoms differed between species and was age dependent, with young animals being more resistant.

Emigration of neutrophils in the central nervous system

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 788-789
Author(s):  
John L.Beggs ◽  
John D. Waggener ◽  
Wanda Miller ◽  
Jane Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Arterial Perfusion ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Intracisternal Injection ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
Interendothelial Junctions

Studies using mesenteric and ear chamber preparations have shown that interendothelial junctions provide the route for neutrophil emigration during inflammation. The term emigration refers to the passage of white blood cells across the endothelium from the vascular lumen. Although the precise pathway of transendo- thelial emigration in the central nervous system (CNS) has not been resolved, the presence of different physiological and morphological (tight junctions) properties of CNS endothelium may dictate alternate emigration pathways.To study neutrophil emigration in the CNS, we induced meningitis in guinea pigs by intracisternal injection of E. coli bacteria.In this model, leptomeningeal inflammation is well developed by 3 hr. After 3 1/2 hr, animals were sacrificed by arterial perfusion with 3% phosphate buffered glutaraldehyde. Tissues from brain and spinal cord were post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in alcohols and propylene oxide, and embedded in Epon. Thin serial sections were cut with diamond knives and examined in a Philips 300 electron microscope.

Mammalian Bone Marrow Acetylcholinesterase

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 44-45
Author(s):  
Ezzatollah Keyhani
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Extracellular Medium ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Common ◽  
Mammalian Bone

Acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) (ACHE) has been localized at cholinergic junctions both in the central nervous system and at the periphery and it functions in neurotransmission. ACHE was also found in other tissues without involvement in neurotransmission, but exhibiting the common property of transporting water and ions. This communication describes intracellular ACHE in mammalian bone marrow and its secretion into the extracellular medium.

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